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Crise et concentration du secteur productif

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  • Michel Didier

Abstract

[spa] Crisis y concentración del sector productivo - En términos de numéro de personas empleadas, puede verificarse una tendencia secular de incremento del tamano de establecimientos y empresas. Dicha concentración se efectúa mis pronto a ralz del descenso del número de pequeñas unidades de producción que a consecuencia de la multiplicación de grandes unidades : en Francia, un 18% del empleo industrial se halla ocupado en establecimientos que contaban menos de diez asalariados en 1981, contra un 58% en 1906; mas al superar los diez asalariados, la distribución laboral por tamano de establecimiento permaneció poco mis o menos idéntica. No obstante, en tiempos de crisis (en los anos del treinta y a partir de 1973), las pequenas empresas recobraron un dinamismo contrapuesto a la aminoración del empleo. Esta reactivación por parte de pequeñas unidades se manifiesta en todos los sectores y por consiguiente no resulta únicamente de la alteración del aparato industrial por actividad económica. Las razones de dicho dinamismo parecen, hoy dia, duraderas y seria factible que rematen en una inversión de tendencia secular. [eng] The Crisis and the Concentration of the Production Sector - In terms of manpower, the century-old tendency has been towards an Increase in the size of businesses and firms. This concentration takes place more through the reduction in the number of small production units than through the multiplication of large ones : in France, 18% of industrial employment is in businesses having less than 10 employees, as against 58% in 1906; but for over 10 employees, the distribution of employment in terms of the size of the business has remained approximately the same. However, in a time of economic crisis (in the 30's and after 1973), small firms recover a dynamism which contrasts with the depressed job market. This recovery of small units is apparent in all sectors and thus is not merely the consequence of the deformation of the industrial system by economic activity. The reasons for this dynamism now seem to be lasting and could lead to a reversal of the century-old trend. [fre] En termes d'effectifs employés, on assiste à une tendance séculaire à l'augmentation de la taille des établissements et des entreprises. Cette concentration s'effectue davantage par la réduction du nombre des petites unités de production que par la multiplication des grandes : en France 18 % de l'emploi industriel est occupé dans des établissements de moins de 10 salariés en 1981, contre 58 % en 1906; mais au-dessus de 10 salariés la répartition de l'emploi par taille d'établissement est restée à peu près la même. Cependant, en période de crise (dans les années trente et à partir de 1973), les petites entreprises retrouvent un dynamisme qui tranche avec la dépression de l'emploi. Ce regain des petites unités de manifeste dans tous les secteurs et ne résulte donc pas seulement de la déformation de l'appareil industriel par activité économique. Les raisons de ce dynamisme semblent aujourd'hui durables et pourraient conduire à une inversion de la tendance séculaire.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Didier, 1982. "Crise et concentration du secteur productif," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 144(1), pages 3-12.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1982_num_144_1_4611
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1982.4611
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1982.4611
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Link, Albert N, 1980. "Firm Size and Efficient Entrepreneurial Activity: A Reformulation of the Schumpeter Hypothesis," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 88(4), pages 771-782, August.
    2. Pryor, Frederic L, 1972. "Size of Establishments in Manufacturing," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 82(326), pages 547-566, June.
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    1. Mathilde Aubry & Jean Bonnet & Patricia Renou-Maissant, 2013. "Business cycle and entrepreneurial behavior using French regional data," Economics Working Paper Archive (University of Rennes & University of Caen) 201304, Center for Research in Economics and Management (CREM), University of Rennes, University of Caen and CNRS.
    2. Cécile Le Corroller & Fabrice Le Vigoureux, 1998. "Les moyennes entreprises de l'industrie ont-elles des comportements spécifiques ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 319(1), pages 195-205.
    3. Jean Bonnet & Patricia Renou-Maissant, 2000. "La régulation macro-économique et sectorielle de la démographie d'entreprises," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 145(4), pages 19-40.
    4. Aglietta, Michel & Boyer Robert, 1982. "Poles de compétitivité, stratégie industrielle et politique macroéconomique," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Couverture Orange) 8223, CEPREMAP.
    5. Sophie Lecostey, 1992. "Incertitude, concurrence entre grandes et petites firmes et altération de la relation structure-performance," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 102(1), pages 11-25.

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