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Éducation et chômage dans les modèles dappariement : une revue de littérature

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  • Olivier Charlot

Abstract

[fre] Cet article propose une revue de la littérature portant sur les liens entre éducation et chômage et il s’interroge sur les facteurs explicatifs de la corrélation positive entre éducation et chômage que l’on observe dans certains pays européens. Deux voies essentielles sont envisagées : d’une part, le chômage engendre des incitations à s’éduquer, du fait de l’existence des rendements de l’éducation en termes d’emploi, d’autre part, il est envisageable que la hausse du niveau de formation moyen de la population engendre du chômage, tout au moins pour les moins éduqués. Enfin , on s’interroge sur l’optimalité sociale des choix d’éducation privés. S’il est possible que les travailleurs sous-investissent dans leur éducation du fait d’un problème de hold-up, les rendements de l’éducation en termes d’emploi peuvent être à l’origine d’un sur-investissement en éducation. [eng] This article surveys the literature that uses matching models to analyze the relationship between education and unemployment. The aim is to explain the existence of a positive correlation between education and unemployment observed in some European countries over the past decades. The literature emphasizes two mechanisms : (1) unemployment may raise the incentives to education, as education reduces the chances of being unemployed ; (2) higher educational attainment may increase unemployment , at least for the less skilled. The final section examines the efficiency of education decisions in an unemployment context. Workers may under-invest in education owing to a hold-up problem, but may over-invest because education increases the probability of leaving unemployment.

Suggested Citation

  • Olivier Charlot, 2005. "Éducation et chômage dans les modèles dappariement : une revue de littérature," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 169(3), pages 73-103.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_2005_num_169_3_7014
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.2005.7014
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.2005.7014
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    1. Nickell, Stephen & Layard, Richard, 1999. "Labor market institutions and economic performance," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 46, pages 3029-3084, Elsevier.
    2. Andrew Weiss, 1995. "Human Capital vs. Signalling Explanations of Wages," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 9(4), pages 133-154, Fall.
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    1. Abdoulaye Diagne & Bity Diene, 2011. "Estimating Returns to Higher Education: A Survey of Models, Methods and Empirical Evidence," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 20(suppl_3), pages -132, August.

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