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Que nous enseignent les enquêtes sur les transferts patrimoniaux en France ?

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  • Luc Arrondel
  • André Masson

Abstract

[fre] Que nous enseignent les enquêtes sur les transferts patrimoniaux en France ? . par Luc Arrondel, André Masson.. . Les motifs et les pratiques de transmission des Français constituaient jusqu'à une date récente un champ largement inexploré. Pour parvenir à une vision cohérente et rationnelle des comportements observés, on procède à une batterie de tests économétriques des modèles d'héritage que l'on trouve dans la littérature. A cet effet, on exploite systématiquement les données des deux enquêtes effectuées auprès des ménages (l'une par le Crep en 1975, la seconde par l'Insee en 1986), qui se prêtent le mieux à cet exercice parce qu'elles rendent comptent à la fois de ce que le ménage a reçu (ou recevra) de ses parents et de ce qu'il a versé (ou versera) à ses enfants. Les résultats obtenus, concernant aussi bien la diffusion que le montant des différentes formes de transmission (aide, donation ou héritage), conduisent à isoler au moins deux populations hétérogènes: au sein des "héritiers", soit des ménages qui ont reçu ou recevront sans doute un transfert patrimonial non négligeable, le legs est le plus souvent volontaire, de nature rétrospective; chez les autres ménages, le legs dominant, involontaire, serait de nature accidentelle. [eng] What do the Surveys on Property Transfers in France Have to Tell Us? . by Luc Arrondel, André Masson.. . The reasons for bequests and the practices governing them have been, to a large extent, an uncharted area until recent years. To have a rational and coherent idea of the reasons for the transfer choice, a battery of econometric tests were run on the various bequest models found in literature. In this regard, data compiled from two household surveys (the 1975 Crep and the 1986 Insee survey) have proved to be most appropriate because they provide information on both what the household received (or will receive) from parents and what it handed down (or will hand down) to children. The results obtained concern not only distribution but also the amounts involved in different types of transfers (helping out, inter vivos and post mortem), making it possible to single out at least two heterogeneous populations from the "heir" group, ie households who have received or who will most likely be receiving a sizable property transfer, where the bequests are usually intentional and are backward-looking in nature (what is left is commensurate to what is received) and the other group of households where most of the bequests are unintentional and unplanned in nature. [spa] ¿Qué se puede deducir de los estudios relativos a las transferencias patrimoniales en Francia? . por Luc Arrondel y André Masson.. . Los motivos y la práctica de transmisión de los franceses constituían hasta hace poco tiempo un ámbito casi inexplorado. Para lograr una visión coherente y racional de los comportamientos observados, se ha efectuado una série de pruebas econométricas de los modelos de herentia propuestos por la literatura del género. Con este fin, se utilizan sistemáticamente los datos de dos estudios realizados con unidades familiares (uno por el Crep en 1975 y el segundo por el insee en 1986), que son los más apropiados para este género de evaluaciones y a que reflejan a la vez lo que la familia ha recibido (o recibirá de sus padres) y lo que ha legado (o legará) a sus hijos. Los resultados obtenidos, relativos a la difusión y al importe de las diversas formas de transmisión (ayudas, donaciones o herencias) permiten aislar como minimo dos grupos heterogéneos: los legados suelen ser voluntarios y de tipo restrospectivo entre los "herederos", es decir entre las familias que han recibido o recibirán sin duda una transferencia patrimonial de relativa importancia, mientras que en las otras familias los principales legados son de tipo accidentai y, por decirlo así, involuntarios. [ger] Welche Schlüsse lassen sich aus den Erhebungen über die Vermögensübertragungen in Frankreich ziehen? . von Luc Arrondel, André Masson.. . Bis vor kurzem stellten die Gründe und Praktiken der Franzqsen bei der Vermögensübertragung ein noch weitgehend unerforschtes Gebiet dar. Um einen kohärenten und rationalen Überblick über die beobachteten Verhaltensweisen erhalten zu können, werden die in der Fachliteratur existierenden Erbschaftsmodelle einer ganzen Reihe ökonometrischer Tests unterzogen. Hierzu erfolgt eine systematische Auswertung der Daten der beiden Erhebungen, die 1975 vom Zentrum für wirtschaftliche Studien über die Spartätigkeit "Crep" und 1986 vom Nationalen Institut für Statistik und Wirtschaftsstudien "Insee" bei den Haushalten durchgeführt wurden. Diese beiden Erhebungen eignen sich am besten für eine solche Testreihe, da in ihnen sowohl die Güter, die die Haushalte von den Eltern erhalten haben bzw. erhalten werden, als auch die Güter, die die Haushalte den Kindern zukommen ließen bzw. zukommen lassen werden, berücksichtigt sind. Mit den erhaltenen Ergebnissen, die sich sowohl auf die Verbreitung als auch auf die Höhe der verschiedenen Übertragungsformen (Hilfe, Schenkung oder Erbschaft) beziehen, lassen sich mindestens zwei hétérogène Populationen isolieren: bei den "Erben", d. h. den Haushalten, denen ein beträchtliches Vermögen übertragen worden ist bzw. wahrscheinlich übertragen wird, erfolgt die Vermächtniszuwendung meistens auf freiwilliger Basis und hat einen retrospektiven Charakter; in den anderen Haushalten handelt es sich dagegen vorwiegend um unfreiwillige und zufällige Vermächtnisse.

Suggested Citation

  • Luc Arrondel & André Masson, 1991. "Que nous enseignent les enquêtes sur les transferts patrimoniaux en France ?," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 100(4), pages 93-128.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1991_num_100_4_5257
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1991.5257
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1991.5257
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Barnet-Verzat, Christine & Wolff, Francois-Charles, 2002. "Motives for pocket money allowance and family incentives," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 339-366, June.
    2. Céline Bessière & Caroline De Paoli & Muriel Roger & Bénédicte Gouraud, 2011. "Les agriculteurs et leur patrimoine : des indépendants comme les autres ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 444(1), pages 55-74.
    3. Wolff, Francois-Charles & Laferrere, Anne, 2006. "Microeconomic models of family transfers," Handbook on the Economics of Giving, Reciprocity and Altruism, in: S. Kolm & Jean Mercier Ythier (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Giving, Altruism and Reciprocity, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 13, pages 889-969, Elsevier.
    4. Luc Arrondel & Anne Laferrère, 1994. "La transmission des grandes fortunes. Profil des riches défunts en France," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 273(1), pages 41-52.
    5. Jacques Le Cacheux & Vincent Touzé, 2003. "Vieillissement et richesse des nations," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 84(1), pages 47-91.
    6. Arrondel, Luc & Masson, Andre, 2006. "Altruism, exchange or indirect reciprocity: what do the data on family transfers show?," Handbook on the Economics of Giving, Reciprocity and Altruism, in: S. Kolm & Jean Mercier Ythier (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Giving, Altruism and Reciprocity, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 14, pages 971-1053, Elsevier.
    7. François-Charles Wolff, 2000. "Les transferts versés aux enfants et aux parents : altruisme ou échange intertemporel?," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 142(1), pages 67-91.
    8. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/2087 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Mohamed Jellal & François-Charles Wolff, 2003. "Solidarités familiales par la démonstration," Revue économique, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 54(4), pages 785-810.
    10. André Masson & Anne Gotman, 1991. "L'un transmet, l'autre hérite..," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 100(4), pages 207-230.
    11. repec:dau:papers:123456789/11698 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/2087 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Luc Arrondel & François-Charles Wolff, 1998. "La nature des transferts inter vivos en France : investissements humains, aides financières et transmission du patrimoine," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 135(4), pages 1-27.
    14. Mohamed Jellal & François-Charles Wolff, 2005. "Dynamique des transferts intergénérationnels et effet de démonstration," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 77, pages 81-107.

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