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Formation des salaires, chômage d'équilibre et incidence des cotisations sur le coût du travail

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  • Jean-Philippe Cotis
  • Abderrahim Loufir

Abstract

[spa] Formación de los salarios e incidencia de las cotizaciones sobre el coste del trabajo, . por Jean-Philippe Cotis, Abderrahim Loufir.. . Los modelos macroeconómicos franceses atribuyen a las cotizaciones sociales de asalariados y empleadores un impacto asimétrico sobre el coste del trabajo : las alzas de cotizaciones de asalariados acarrearían una baja del salario neto que dejaría constante el coste del trabajo total mientras que las alzas de cotizaciones de empleadores se repercuterían íntegramente en aumento del coste del trabajo. El estudio presentado aquí tiene por objeto probar de manera empírica, para Francia y cinco otros países europeos, la validez de esta propositión, mediante una "ecuación de salario" que incorpora los índices de cotizaciones de asalariados y empleadores. Parece que ni las cotizaciones patronales ni las cotizaciones salariales influyen a mediano plazo en el coste del trabajo; al contrario, tienen influencia sobre el poder adquisitivo de los salarios netos. Una variación de cotizaciones patronales influye en particular en el coste del trabajo sólo de manera transitoria. [ger] Lohnbildung und Auswirkung der Sozialversicherungsbeitrage auf die Arbeitskosten, . von Jean-Philippe Cotis, Abderrahim Loufir.. . Die französischen makroökonomischen Modelle schreiben den Sozialversicherungsbeiträgen der Lohnempfänger und der Arbeitgeber eine asymmetrische Auswirkung auf die Arbeitskosten zu : die Anhebung der Arbeitnehmerbeiträge hätten eine Verringerung des Nettolohns zur Folge.welche die Arbeitskosten unberührt liesse, während die Erhöhung der Arbeitgeberbeiträge gänzlich auf die Arbeitskosten überwälzt wurden. Die vorliegende Untersuchung setzt sich zum Ziel, für Frankreich und fünf weitere europäische Länder die Gültigkeit dieser Aussage anhand einer "Lohngleichung" empirisch zu testen, in der die Sozialbeitragssätze für Lohnempfänger und Arbeitgeber einbezogen sind. Es stellt sich heraus, dass weder die einen noch die anderen mittelfristig die Arbeitskosten peeinflussen, sie beeinträchtigen im Gegenteil die Kaufkraft der Nettolöhne. Im besonderen werden die Arbeitskosten durch eine Änderung der Arbeitgeberbeiträge nur vorübergehend beeinflusst. [fre] Formation des salaires et incidence des cotisations sur le coût du travail, . par Jean-Philippe Cotis, Abderrahim Loufir.. . Les modèles macroéconomiques français attribuent aux cotisations sociales salariés et employeurs un impact asymétrique sur le coût du travail : les hausses de cotisations salariés entraîneraient une baisse du salaire net qui laisserait inchangé le coût du travail total alors que les hausses de cotisations employeurs seraient intégralement répercutées en augmentation du coût du travail. L'étude présentée ici a pour objet de tester empiriquement, pour la France et cinq autres pays européens, la validité de cette proposition, à l'aide d'une "équation de salaire" incorporant les taux de cotisations salariés et employeurs. Il apparaît que ni les cotisations employeurs ni les cotisations salariales n'influencent à moyen-terme le coût du travail mais pèsent au contraire sur le pouvoir d'achat des salaires nets. Une variation de cotisations employeurs n'influence en particulier le coût du travail que de manière transitoire. [eng] Wage Setting and the Effect of Contributions on the Cost of Labor, . by Jean-Philippe Cotis, Abderrahim Loufir.. . French macroeconomic models attribute an asymmetrical impact on the cost of laborto both wage earners' and employers' contributions: according to these models, the increase in wage earners'contributions entails a decrease in net wages unlikely to alter the overall cost of labor, whereas the increase in employers' contributions is entirely translated into an increase in the cost of labor. The purpose of this study is to test empirically the accuracy of this statement for France and for five other European countries by using a "wage equation" integrating both wage earners' and employers' contributions. The result is that neither employers' contributions nor wage earners' contributions have any middle-term influence on the cost of labor. They do however have an adverse effect on the purchasing power of net wages. Changing employers' contributions only has a passing effect particularly on the cost of labor.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Philippe Cotis & Abderrahim Loufir, 1990. "Formation des salaires, chômage d'équilibre et incidence des cotisations sur le coût du travail," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 92(1), pages 97-110.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1990_num_92_1_5162
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1990.5162
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1990.5162
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Oswald, A. J., 1995. "Efficient contracts are on the labour demand curve: Theory and facts," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 2(1), pages 102-102, March.
    2. Olivier J. Blanchard & Lawrence H. Summers, 1986. "Hysteresis and the European Unemployment Problem," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1986, Volume 1, pages 15-90, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Blanchard, Olivier J. & Summers, Lawrence H., 1987. "Hysteresis in unemployment," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(1-2), pages 288-295.
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    1. Yannick L'Horty & Florence Thibault, 1998. "Le chômage d'équilibre, de quoi parlons-nous ?," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 13(4), pages 51-81.
    2. Stéphanie Guichard & Jean-Pierre Laffargue, 2001. "Comparaison de la formation des salaires dans un panel de pays industrialisés," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 147(1), pages 37-49.
    3. Jean-Pierre Laffargue & Pierre Malgrange & Alain Quinet, 2001. "Structure et comportements macro-économiques : comparaisons économétriques entre nations. Présentation générale," Economie & Prévision, La Documentation Française, vol. 147(1), pages 1-13.
    4. Pereau, Jean-Christophe, 1993. "Dynamique des prix et des salaires industriels (la) : contrats échelonnés et anticipations rationnelles," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Couverture Orange) 9308, CEPREMAP.
    5. Jean Bensaid & Stéphane Jacobzone & Gérard Lattes, 1993. "Protection sociale et politiques redistributives dans le contexte de l'UEM," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 262(1), pages 87-99.
    6. Eric Heyer & Hervé Le Bihan & Frédéric Lerais, 2000. "Relation de Phillips, boucle prix-salaire : une estimation par la méthode de Johansen," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 146(5), pages 43-60.
    7. Stéphanie Guichard & Jean-Pierre Laffargue, 2000. "The Wage Curve: The Lessons of an Estimation Over a Panel of Countries," Working Papers 2000-21, CEPII research center.

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