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Factors affecting utilization of antenatal care in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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  • Tesfalidet Tekelab
  • Catherine Chojenta
  • Roger Smith
  • Deborah Loxton

Abstract

Background: In the context of high maternal morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa, less than 80% of pregnant women receive antenatal care services. According to a 2016 national report, only 62% of pregnant women in Ethiopia made at least one antenatal care visit. The aim of this review was to systematically and quantitatively summarize the factors affecting utilization of antenatal care in Ethiopia. Methods: We searched PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar and Maternity and Infant Care database for studies that had been conducted in Ethiopia between 2002 and 2016. We summarized the studies on the use of antenatal care services quantitatively and qualitatively. A random-effects model was conducted to obtain the pooled estimates. Results: A total of fifteen observational studies were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of utilization of antenatal care services in Ethiopia was 63.77% (95CI 53.84–75.54). The pooled odds ratio showed that a significant positive association was found between utilization of antenatal care and urban residence (OR = 1.92, 95%CI = 1.35–2.72), women’s education (OR = 1.90, 95%CI = 1.52–2.37), husband’s education (OR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.32–1.69) and planned pregnancy (OR = 2.08, 95%CI = 1.45–2.98). Based on narrative synthesis exposure to mass media, family income and accessibility of the service were strongly associated with utilization of antenatal care. Conclusion: The findings of this review found several modifiable factors such as empowering women through education and increasing their decision-making power, promoting family planning to prevent unplanned pregnancy, increasing awareness of women through mass media and making services more accessible would likely to increase utilization of antenatal care. Further research is needed on accessibility and availability of the service at the individual and community level to assess the predictors of antenatal care service utilization.

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  • Tesfalidet Tekelab & Catherine Chojenta & Roger Smith & Deborah Loxton, 2019. "Factors affecting utilization of antenatal care in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(4), pages 1-24, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0214848
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214848
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tasuku Okui & Masayuki Ochiai & Naoki Nakashima, 2021. "An Association between Maternal Occupations and Low Birth Weight Infants in Japan from 1995 to 2015," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-9, July.
    2. Reta Dewau & Amare Muche & Zinabu Fentaw & Melaku Yalew & Gedamnesh Bitew & Erkihun Tadesse Amsalu & Mastewal Arefaynie & Asnakew Molla Mekonen, 2021. "Time to initiation of antenatal care and its predictors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: Cox-gamma shared frailty model," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(2), pages 1-18, February.
    3. Alem Desta Wuneh & Afework Mulugeta Bezabih & Lars Åke Persson & Yemisrach Behailu Okwaraji & Araya Abrha Medhanyie, 2022. "“If I Was Educated, I Would Call the Ambulance and Give Birth at the Health Facility”—A Qualitative Exploratory Study of Inequities in the Utilization of Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Services i," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-14, September.
    4. Devaraj Acharya & Ramesh Adhikari & Gary L. Kreps, 2021. "Does exposure of mass media associate with utilisation of ANC services? A trend analysis from Nepal demographic and health surveys," International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(6), pages 2145-2161, November.

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