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Socioeconomic Status Is Not Related with Facial Fluctuating Asymmetry: Evidence from Latin-American Populations

Author

Listed:
  • Mirsha Quinto-Sánchez
  • Celia Cintas
  • Caio Cesar Silva de Cerqueira
  • Virginia Ramallo
  • Victor Acuña-Alonzo
  • Kaustubh Adhikari
  • Lucía Castillo
  • Jorge Gomez-Valdés
  • Paola Everardo
  • Francisco De Avila
  • Tábita Hünemeier
  • Claudia Jaramillo
  • Williams Arias
  • Macarena Fuentes
  • Carla Gallo
  • Giovani Poletti
  • Lavinia Schuler-Faccini
  • Maria Cátira Bortolini
  • Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
  • Francisco Rothhammer
  • Gabriel Bedoya
  • Javier Rosique
  • Andrés Ruiz-Linares
  • Rolando González-José

Abstract

The expression of facial asymmetries has been recurrently related with poverty and/or disadvantaged socioeconomic status. Departing from the developmental instability theory, previous approaches attempted to test the statistical relationship between the stress experienced by individuals grown in poor conditions and an increase in facial and corporal asymmetry. Here we aim to further evaluate such hypothesis on a large sample of admixed Latin Americans individuals by exploring if low socioeconomic status individuals tend to exhibit greater facial fluctuating asymmetry values. To do so, we implement Procrustes analysis of variance and Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM) to estimate potential associations between facial fluctuating asymmetry values and socioeconomic status. We report significant relationships between facial fluctuating asymmetry values and age, sex, and genetic ancestry, while socioeconomic status failed to exhibit any strong statistical relationship with facial asymmetry. These results are persistent after the effect of heterozygosity (a proxy for genetic ancestry) is controlled in the model. Our results indicate that, at least on the studied sample, there is no relationship between socioeconomic stress (as intended as low socioeconomic status) and facial asymmetries.

Suggested Citation

  • Mirsha Quinto-Sánchez & Celia Cintas & Caio Cesar Silva de Cerqueira & Virginia Ramallo & Victor Acuña-Alonzo & Kaustubh Adhikari & Lucía Castillo & Jorge Gomez-Valdés & Paola Everardo & Francisco De , 2017. "Socioeconomic Status Is Not Related with Facial Fluctuating Asymmetry: Evidence from Latin-American Populations," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(1), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0169287
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169287
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Leigh W. Simmons & Gillian Rhodes & Marianne Peters & Nicole Koehler, 2004. "Are human preferences for facial symmetry focused on signals of developmental instability?," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 15(5), pages 864-871, September.
    2. Peter Piot & Robert Greener & Sarah Russell, 2007. "Squaring the Circle: AIDS, Poverty, and Human Development," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 4(10), pages 1-5, October.
    3. Azevedo, Joao Pedro & Inchauste, Gabriela & Sanfelice, Viviane, 2013. "Decomposing the recent inequality decline in Latin America," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6715, The World Bank.
    4. Luis Rosero-Bixby & William H. Dow, 2009. "Surprising SES Gradients in Mortality, Health, and Biomarkers in a Latin American Population of Adults," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 64(1), pages 105-117.
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