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Out-of-Pocket Spending on Out-Patient Care in India: Assessment and Options Based on Results from a District Level Survey

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  • Indrani Gupta
  • Samik Chowdhury
  • Shankar Prinja
  • Mayur Trivedi

Abstract

Out-of-pocket spending at out-patient departments (OPD) by households is relatively less analyzed compared to hospitalization expenses in India. This paper provides new evidence on the levels and drivers of expenditure on out-patient care, as well as choice of providers, using household survey data from 8 districts in 3 states of India. Results indicate that the economically vulnerable spend more on OPD as a proportion of per capita consumption expenditure, out-patient care remains overwhelmingly private and switches of providers—while not very prevalent—is mostly towards private providers. A key result is that choice of public providers tend to lower OPD spending significantly. It indicates that an improvement in the overall quality and accessibility of government facilities still remain an important tool that should be considered in the context of financial protection.

Suggested Citation

  • Indrani Gupta & Samik Chowdhury & Shankar Prinja & Mayur Trivedi, 2016. "Out-of-Pocket Spending on Out-Patient Care in India: Assessment and Options Based on Results from a District Level Survey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(11), pages 1-12, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0166775
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166775
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shankar Prinja & Pankaj Bahuguna & Indrani Gupta & Samik Chowdhury & Mayur Trivedi, 2019. "Role of insurance in determining utilization of healthcare and financial risk protection in India," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(2), pages 1-16, February.
    2. Herberholz, Chantal & Phuntsho, Sonam, 2021. "Medical, transportation and spiritual out-of-pocket health expenditure on outpatient and inpatient visits in Bhutan," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    3. Dinabandhu Bag, 2023. "Consumer Disutility from Assorted Referrals in Diagnostics Services," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 24(1), pages 64-77, March.
    4. Frank Chikhata, PhD, 2024. "Determinants of out-of-Pocket Healthcare Expenditure by Households in Sierra Leone," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 11(9), pages 1236-1249, September.
    5. Bertrand Lefebvre & Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay & Vastaf and only if the other epistemic institutions are ineptimal strategy involves a mixture of confirmatory and (a minimal amount of) contrarian re- porti, 2024. "Who bears the distance cost of public primary healthcare? Hypertension among the elderly in rural India," Discussion Papers 24-02, Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi.

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