IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0162695.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Investigating the Effect of Gaze Cues and Emotional Expressions on the Affective Evaluations of Unfamiliar Faces

Author

Listed:
  • Todd Larson Landes
  • Yoshihisa Kashima
  • Piers D L Howe

Abstract

People look at what they are interested in, and their emotional expressions tend to indicate how they feel about the objects at which they look. The combination of gaze direction and emotional expression can therefore convey important information about people’s evaluations of the objects in their environment, and can even influence the subsequent evaluations of those objects by a third party, a phenomenon known as the emotional gaze effect. The present study extended research into the effect of emotional gaze cues by investigating whether they affect evaluations of the most important aspect of our social environment–other people–and whether the presence of multiple gaze cues enhances this effect. Over four experiments, a factorial within-subjects design employing both null hypothesis significance testing and a Bayesian statistical analysis replicated previous work showing an emotional gaze effect for objects, but found strong evidence that emotional gaze cues do not affect evaluations of other people, and that multiple, simultaneously presented gaze cues do not enhance the emotional gaze effect for either the evaluations of objects or of people. Overall, our results suggest that emotional gaze cues have a relatively weak influence on affective evaluations, especially of those aspects of our environment that automatically elicit affectively valenced reactions, including other humans.

Suggested Citation

  • Todd Larson Landes & Yoshihisa Kashima & Piers D L Howe, 2016. "Investigating the Effect of Gaze Cues and Emotional Expressions on the Affective Evaluations of Unfamiliar Faces," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(9), pages 1-24, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0162695
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162695
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0162695
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0162695&type=printable
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1371/journal.pone.0162695?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ruud Wetzels & Raoul P. P. P. Grasman & Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, 2012. "A Default Bayesian Hypothesis Test for ANOVA Designs," The American Statistician, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 66(2), pages 104-111, May.
    2. Gelman, Andrew & Stern, Hal, 2006. "The Difference Between," The American Statistician, American Statistical Association, vol. 60, pages 328-331, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Raphaela E. Kaisler & Manuela M. Marin & Helmut Leder, 2020. "Effects of Emotional Expressions, Gaze, and Head Orientation on Person Perception in Social Situations," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(3), pages 21582440209, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Colin F. Camerer & Anna Dreber & Felix Holzmeister & Teck-Hua Ho & Jürgen Huber & Magnus Johannesson & Michael Kirchler & Gideon Nave & Brian A. Nosek & Thomas Pfeiffer & Adam Altmejd & Nick Buttrick , 2018. "Evaluating the replicability of social science experiments in Nature and Science between 2010 and 2015," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 2(9), pages 637-644, September.
    2. Lukas Haffert, 2019. "War mobilization or war destruction? The unequal rise of progressive taxation revisited," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 59-82, March.
    3. Michael A. Allen & Michael E. Flynn & Julie VanDusky-Allen, 2017. "Regions of Hierarchy and Security: US Troop Deployments, Spatial Relations, and Defense Burdens," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(3), pages 397-423, May.
    4. Rania Wehbe & Isam Shahrour, 2021. "Assessment and Improvement of Anti-COVID-19 Measures in Higher Education Establishments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-21, May.
    5. David Spiegelhalter, 2017. "Trust in numbers," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 180(4), pages 948-965, October.
    6. Andrew P. Jaciw & Li Lin & Boya Ma, 2016. "An Empirical Study of Design Parameters for Assessing Differential Impacts for Students in Group Randomized Trials," Evaluation Review, , vol. 40(5), pages 410-443, October.
    7. Ignacio, Escañuela Romana, 2019. "The elasticities of passenger transport demand in the Northeast Corridor," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    8. Gezahegn, Tafesse & Van Passel, Steven & Berhanu, Tekeste & D'Haese, Marijke & Maertens, Miet, 2020. "Structural and Institutional Heterogeneity among Agricultural Cooperatives in Ethiopia: Does it Matter for Farmers’ Welfare?," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 46(2), August.
    9. Anand Krishna & Sebastian M Peter, 2018. "Questionable research practices in student final theses – Prevalence, attitudes, and the role of the supervisor’s perceived attitudes," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(8), pages 1-24, August.
    10. Li, Xiaoyu & Kawachi, Ichiro & Buxton, Orfeu M. & Haneuse, Sebastien & Onnela, Jukka-Pekka, 2019. "Social network analysis of group position, popularity, and sleep behaviors among U.S. adolescents," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 417-426.
    11. Marko Hofmann & Silja Meyer-Nieberg, 2018. "Time to dispense with the p-value in OR?," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 26(1), pages 193-214, March.
    12. Melisa Bubonya & Deborah A. Cobb-Clark & Daniel Christensen & Sarah E. Johnson & Stephen R. Zubrick, 2019. "The Great Recession and Children’s Mental Health in Australia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-19, February.
    13. Thomas Ferguson & Hans-Joachim Voth, 2008. "Betting on Hitler—The Value of Political Connections in Nazi Germany," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 123(1), pages 101-137.
    14. Nikolova, Milena, 2018. "Self-Employment Can Be Good for Your Health," GLO Discussion Paper Series 226, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    15. Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2020. "The role of governance in quality education in sub-Saharan Africa," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 20/077, African Governance and Development Institute..
    16. Paolo Crosetto & Antonio Filippin, 2023. "Safe options and gender differences in risk attitudes," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 66(1), pages 19-46, February.
    17. Hannah M Darlow & Alexandra S Dylman & Ana I Gheorghiu & William J Matthews, 2013. "Do Changes in the Pace of Events Affect One-Off Judgments of Duration?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(3), pages 1-8, March.
    18. Arjen Witteloostuijn, 2020. "New-day statistical thinking: A bold proposal for a radical change in practices," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 51(2), pages 274-278, March.
    19. Zakharov, Nikita, 2019. "Does corruption hinder investment? Evidence from Russian regions," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 39-61.
    20. J. Sebastian Leguizamon & Casto Martin Montero Kuscevic, 2019. "Party Cues, Political Trends, And Fiscal Interactions In The United States," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 37(4), pages 600-620, October.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0162695. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: plosone (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.