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Healthcare Costs Associated with an Adequate Intake of Sugars, Salt and Saturated Fat in Germany: A Health Econometrical Analysis

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  • Toni Meier
  • Karolin Senftleben
  • Peter Deumelandt
  • Olaf Christen
  • Katja Riedel
  • Martin Langer

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent not only the major driver for quality-restricted and lost life years; NCDs and their related medical treatment costs also pose a substantial economic burden on healthcare and intra-generational tax distribution systems. The main objective of this study was therefore to quantify the economic burden of unbalanced nutrition in Germany—in particular the effects of an excessive consumption of fat, salt and sugar—and to examine different reduction scenarios on this basis. In this study, the avoidable direct cost savings in the German healthcare system attributable to an adequate intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA), salt and sugar (mono- & disaccharides, MDS) were calculated. To this end, disease-specific healthcare cost data from the official Federal Health Monitoring for the years 2002–2008 and disease-related risk factors, obtained by thoroughly searching the literature, were used. A total of 22 clinical endpoints with 48 risk-outcome pairs were considered. Direct healthcare costs attributable to an unbalanced intake of fat, salt and sugar are calculated to be 16.8 billion EUR (CI95%: 6.3–24.1 billion EUR) in the year 2008, which represents 7% (CI95% 2%-10%) of the total treatment costs in Germany (254 billion EUR). This is equal to 205 EUR per person annually. The excessive consumption of sugar poses the highest burden, at 8.6 billion EUR (CI95%: 3.0–12.1); salt ranks 2nd at 5.3 billion EUR (CI95%: 3.2–7.3) and saturated fat ranks 3rd at 2.9 billion EUR (CI95%: 32 million—4.7 billion). Predicted direct healthcare cost savings by means of a balanced intake of sugars, salt and saturated fat are substantial. However, as this study solely considered direct medical treatment costs regarding an adequate consumption of fat, salt and sugars, the actual societal and economic gains, resulting both from direct and indirect cost savings, may easily exceed 16.8 billion EUR.

Suggested Citation

  • Toni Meier & Karolin Senftleben & Peter Deumelandt & Olaf Christen & Katja Riedel & Martin Langer, 2015. "Healthcare Costs Associated with an Adequate Intake of Sugars, Salt and Saturated Fat in Germany: A Health Econometrical Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(9), pages 1-21, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0135990
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135990
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    1. Ilseung Cho & Shingo Yamanishi & Laura Cox & Barbara A. Methé & Jiri Zavadil & Kelvin Li & Zhan Gao & Douglas Mahana & Kartik Raju & Isabel Teitler & Huilin Li & Alexander V. Alekseyenko & Martin J. B, 2012. "Antibiotics in early life alter the murine colonic microbiome and adiposity," Nature, Nature, vol. 488(7413), pages 621-626, August.
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    3. Sanjay Basu & Paula Yoffe & Nancy Hills & Robert H Lustig, 2013. "The Relationship of Sugar to Population-Level Diabetes Prevalence: An Econometric Analysis of Repeated Cross-Sectional Data," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(2), pages 1-8, February.
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    1. Raphael Schilling & Milena Pavlova & Andrea Karaman, 2023. "Consumer Preferences for Health Services Offered by Health Insurance Companies in Germany," Risks, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-27, December.

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