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Association between Benzodiazepine Use and Dementia: A Meta-Analysis

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  • GuoChao Zhong
  • Yi Wang
  • Yong Zhang
  • Yong Zhao

Abstract

Background: The association between long-term benzodiazepine use and risk of dementia remains controversial. Therefore, current study aimed to quantify this association, and to explore a potential dose–response pattern. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library through August 17, 2014. We included nested case-control or prospective cohort studies that provided risk estimates on the association of benzodiazepine use with risk of dementia, and a clear definition of status of benzodiazepine use. Overall effect size was calculated using a random-effects model. Findings: Six studies were eligible for inclusion, involving 11,891 dementia cases and 45,391 participants. Compared with never users, pooled adjusted risk ratios (RRs) for dementia were 1.49 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–1.72) for ever users, 1.55 (95% CI 1.31–1.83) for recent users, and 1.55 (95% CI 1.17–2.03) for past users. The risk of dementia increased by 22% for every additional 20 defined daily dose per year (RR, 1.22, 95%CI 1.18–1.25). When we restricted our meta-analyses to unadjusted RRs, all initial significant associations persisted. Conclusions: Long-term benzodiazepine users have an increased risk of dementia compared with never users. However, findings from our study should be treated with caution due to limited studies and potential reverse causation. Large prospective cohort studies with long follow-up duration are warranted to confirm these findings.

Suggested Citation

  • GuoChao Zhong & Yi Wang & Yong Zhang & Yong Zhao, 2015. "Association between Benzodiazepine Use and Dementia: A Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-16, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0127836
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127836
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nicola Orsini & Rino Bellocco & Sander Greenland, 2006. "Generalized least squares for trend estimation of summarized dose–response data," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 6(1), pages 40-57, March.
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    1. Isabel Socias & Alfonso Leiva & Haizea Pombo-Ramos & Ferran Bejarano & Ermengol Sempere-Verdú & Raquel María Rodríguez-Rincón & Francisca Fiol & Marta Mengual & Asunción Ajenjo-Navarro & Fernando Do P, 2021. "Evaluating the Implementation of a Multicomponent Intervention Consisting of Education and Feedback on Reducing Benzodiazepine Prescriptions by General Practitioners: BENZORED Hybrid Type I Cluster Ra," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-13, July.
    2. Clément Mathieu & Pierre Joly & Hélène Jacqmin-Gadda & Mathilde Wanneveich & Bernard Bégaud & Antoine Pariente, 2021. "Patterns of Benzodiazepine Use and Excess Risk of All-Cause Mortality in the Elderly: A Nationwide Cohort Study," Drug Safety, Springer, vol. 44(1), pages 53-62, January.
    3. Hae-Young Park & Ji-Won Park & Hong Ji Song & Hyun Soon Sohn & Jin-Won Kwon, 2017. "The Association between Polypharmacy and Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study Based on a 12-Year Longitudinal Cohort Database in South Korea," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, January.

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