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Processed and Unprocessed Red Meat Consumption and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

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  • Rui Zhang

    (College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Jialin Fu

    (Department of Healthcare Management, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China)

  • Justin B. Moore

    (Department of Implementation Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
    Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
    Department of Family & Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA)

  • Lee Stoner

    (Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27101, USA)

  • Rui Li

    (Department of Healthcare Management, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China)

Abstract

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that occurs in the body because of decreased insulin activity and/or insulin secretion. The incidence of T2DM has rapidly increased over recent decades. The relation between consumption of different types of red meats and risk of T2DM remains uncertain. This meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively assess the associations of processed red meat (PRM) and unprocessed red meat (URM) consumption with T2DM. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library for English-language cohort studies published before January 2021. Summary relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using fixed effects and random effects. Additionally, dose–response relationships were explored using meta-regression. Fifteen studies ( n = 682,963 participants, cases = 50,675) were identified. Compared with the lowest intake group, high consumption of PRM and URM increased T2DM risk by 27% (95% CI 1.15–1.40) and 15% (95% CI 1.08–1.23), respectively. These relationships were consistently strongest for U.S-based studies, though the effects of sex are inconclusive. In conclusion, PRM and URM are both positively associated with T2DM incidence, and these relationships are strongest in the U.S. reduction of red meat consumption should be explored as a target for T2DM prevention initiatives.

Suggested Citation

  • Rui Zhang & Jialin Fu & Justin B. Moore & Lee Stoner & Rui Li, 2021. "Processed and Unprocessed Red Meat Consumption and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:20:p:10788-:d:656204
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nicola Orsini & Rino Bellocco & Sander Greenland, 2006. "Generalized least squares for trend estimation of summarized dose–response data," Stata Journal, StataCorp LLC, vol. 6(1), pages 40-57, March.
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