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Depression among Asian-American Adults in the Community: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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  • Hee Jun Kim
  • EunMi Park
  • Carla L Storr
  • Katherine Tran
  • Hee-Soon Juon

Abstract

Objectives: In this systematic review, we provide an overview of the literature on depression among Asian-Americans and explore the possible variations in depression prevalence estimates by methodological and demographic factors. Methods: Six databases were used to identify studies reporting a prevalence estimate for depression in Asian-American adults in non-clinical settings. Meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled estimates of rates of depression by assessment type. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed for subgroup analyses by gender, age, ethnicity, and other participant characteristics. Results: A total of 58 studies met the review criteria (n = 21.731 Asian-American adults). Heterogeneity across the studies was considerably high. The prevalence of major depression assessed via standardized clinical interviews ranged between 4.5% and 11.3%. Meta-analyses revealed comparable estimated prevalence rates of depression as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (35.6%, 95% CI 27.6%–43.7%) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (33.1%, 95% CI 14.9%–51.3%). Estimates varied by Asian racial/ethnic group and other participant characteristics. Estimates of depression among special populations, which included maternity, caregivers, and homosexuals, were significantly higher than estimates obtained from other samples (58.8% vs 29.3%, p = .003). Estimates of depression among Korean and Filipino-Americans were similar (33.3%-34.4%); however, the estimates were twice as high as those for Chinese-Americans (15.7%; p = .012 for Korean, p = .049 for Filipino). Conclusion: There appears to be wide variability in the prevalence rates of depression among Asian-Americans in the US. Practitioners and researchers who serve Asian-American adults need to be sensitive to the potential diversity of the expression of depression and treatment-seeking across Asian-American subgroups. Public health policies to increase Asian-American access to mental health care, including increased screening, are necessary. Further work is needed to determine whether strategies to reduce depression among specific Asian racial/ethnic groups is warranted.

Suggested Citation

  • Hee Jun Kim & EunMi Park & Carla L Storr & Katherine Tran & Hee-Soon Juon, 2015. "Depression among Asian-American Adults in the Community: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(6), pages 1-20, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0127760
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127760
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hee Jun Kim & Joel D Greenspan & Richard Ohrbach & Roger B Fillingim & William Maixner & Cynthia L Renn & Meg Johantgen & Shijun Zhu & Susan G Dorsey, 2019. "Racial/ethnic differences in experimental pain sensitivity and associated factors – Cardiovascular responsiveness and psychological status," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(4), pages 1-22, April.
    2. Minah Park & Fatima Nari & Soo Hyun Kang & Sung-In Jang & Eun-Cheol Park, 2021. "Association between Living with Patients with Dementia and Family Caregivers’ Depressive Symptoms—Living with Dementia Patients and Family Caregivers’ Depressive Symptoms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-11, April.

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