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Livestock-Associated MRSA in Household Members of Pig Farmers: Transmission and Dynamics of Carriage, A Prospective Cohort Study

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Listed:
  • Brigitte A G L van Cleef
  • Birgit H B van Benthem
  • Erwin J M Verkade
  • Miranda M L van Rijen
  • Marjolein F Q Kluytmans-van den Bergh
  • Haitske Graveland
  • Thijs Bosch
  • Koen M H W Verstappen
  • Jaap A Wagenaar
  • Marian E H Bos
  • Dick Heederik
  • Jan A J W Kluytmans

Abstract

This prospective cohort study describes carriage of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in household members from 49 farrowing pig farms in the Netherlands (2010–2011). Of 171 household members, 4% were persistent MRSA nasal carriers, and the MRSA prevalence on any given sampling moment was 10% (range 7-11%). Working in the stables (of which 98% was MRSA-positive, prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.11 per 10 hours), working with sows (PR=1.97), and living with an MRSA-positive pig farmer (PR=4.63) were significant determinants for MRSA carriage. Significant protective factors were carriage of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (PR=0.50), and wearing a facemask when working in the stables (37% decreased prevalence). All MRSA strains during the study period were known livestock-associated types. The bacteriophage φ3 was not found in household members. Transmission from pigs and the environment appeared to be important determinants; human-to-human transmission could not sufficiently be differentiated. Wearing a facemask when working in the stables and carriage of MSSA are potential interventional targets.

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  • Brigitte A G L van Cleef & Birgit H B van Benthem & Erwin J M Verkade & Miranda M L van Rijen & Marjolein F Q Kluytmans-van den Bergh & Haitske Graveland & Thijs Bosch & Koen M H W Verstappen & Jaap A, 2015. "Livestock-Associated MRSA in Household Members of Pig Farmers: Transmission and Dynamics of Carriage, A Prospective Cohort Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0127190
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127190
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    1. Haitske Graveland & Jaap A Wagenaar & Hans Heesterbeek & Dik Mevius & Engeline van Duijkeren & Dick Heederik, 2010. "Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in Veal Calf Farming: Human MRSA Carriage Related with Animal Antimicrobial Usage and Farm Hygiene," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(6), pages 1-6, June.
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