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The Ordinal Effects of Ostracism: A Meta-Analysis of 120 Cyberball Studies

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  • Chris H J Hartgerink
  • Ilja van Beest
  • Jelte M Wicherts
  • Kipling D Williams

Abstract

We examined 120 Cyberball studies (N = 11,869) to determine the effect size of ostracism and conditions under which the effect may be reversed, eliminated, or small. Our analyses showed that (1) the average ostracism effect is large (d > |1.4|) and (2) generalizes across structural aspects (number of players, ostracism duration, number of tosses, type of needs scale), sampling aspects (gender, age, country), and types of dependent measure (interpersonal, intrapersonal, fundamental needs). Further, we test Williams’s (2009) proposition that the immediate impact of ostracism is resistant to moderation, but that moderation is more likely to be observed in delayed measures. Our findings suggest that (3) both first and last measures are susceptible to moderation and (4) time passed since being ostracized does not predict effect sizes of the last measure. Thus, support for this proposition is tenuous and we suggest modifications to the temporal need-threat model of ostracism.

Suggested Citation

  • Chris H J Hartgerink & Ilja van Beest & Jelte M Wicherts & Kipling D Williams, 2015. "The Ordinal Effects of Ostracism: A Meta-Analysis of 120 Cyberball Studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-24, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0127002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127002
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    Cited by:

    1. Yejun Zhang & Mark C. Bolino & Kui Yin, 2023. "The Interactive Effect of Perceived Overqualification and Peer Overqualification on Peer Ostracism and Work Meaningfulness," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 182(3), pages 699-716, January.
    2. Michael Niedeggen & Rudolf Kerschreiter & Katharina Schuck, 2019. "Loss of control as a violation of expectations: Testing the predictions of a common inconsistency compensation approach in an inclusionary cyberball game," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(9), pages 1-20, September.
    3. Toshiki Ikeda & Yuji Takeda, 2019. "Holding soft objects increases expectation and disappointment in the Cyberball task," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(4), pages 1-11, April.
    4. Ana Paula Gonçalves Donate & Lucas Murrins Marques & Olivia Morgan Lapenta & Manish Kumar Asthana & David Amodio & Paulo Sérgio Boggio, 2017. "Ostracism via virtual chat room—Effects on basic needs, anger and pain," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(9), pages 1-13, September.
    5. Yina Mao & Yan Liu & Chunyan Jiang & Iris D. Zhang, 2018. "Why am I ostracized and how would I react? — A review of workplace ostracism research," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 35(3), pages 745-767, September.
    6. Chebat, Daniel-Robert & Lemarié, Linda & Rotnemer, Batya & Talbi, Tzviel & Wagner, Michael, 2021. "The young and the reckless: Social and physical warning messages reduce dangerous driving behavior in a simulator," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    7. Nimra Riasat & Zaqia Bano, 2022. "Development and Psychometric Properties of Adult Ostracism Scale," International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology, 50sea, vol. 4(6), pages 62-69, September.

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