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Alcohol-Related Risk of Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempt, and Completed Suicide: A Meta-Analysis

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  • Nahid Darvishi
  • Mehran Farhadi
  • Tahereh Haghtalab
  • Jalal Poorolajal

Abstract

Background: Several original studies have investigated the effect of alcohol use disorder (AUD) on suicidal thought and behavior, but there are serious discrepancies across the studies. Thus, a systematic assessment of the association between AUD and suicide is required. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus until February 2015. We also searched the Psycinfo web site and journals and contacted authors. We included observational (cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional) studies addressing the association between AUD and suicide. The exposure of interest was AUD. The primary outcomes were suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide. We assessed heterogeneity using Q-test and I2 statistic. We explored publication bias using the Egger's and Begg's tests and funnel plot. We meta-analyzed the data with the random-effects models. For each outcome we calculated the overall odds ratio (OR) or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: We included 31 out of 8548 retrieved studies, with 420,732 participants. There was a significant association between AUD and suicidal ideation (OR=1.86; 95% CI: 1.38, 2.35), suicide attempt (OR=3.13; 95% CI: 2.45, 3.81); and completed suicide (OR=2.59; 95% CI: 1.95, 3.23 and RR=1.74; 95% CI: 1.26, 2.21). There was a significant heterogeneity among the studies, but little concern to the presence of publication bias. Conclusions: There is sufficient evidence that AUD significantly increases the risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide. Therefore, AUD can be considered an important predictor of suicide and a great source of premature death.

Suggested Citation

  • Nahid Darvishi & Mehran Farhadi & Tahereh Haghtalab & Jalal Poorolajal, 2015. "Alcohol-Related Risk of Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempt, and Completed Suicide: A Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-14, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0126870
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126870
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Grossman, D.C. & Milligan, B.C. & Deyo, R.A., 1991. "Risk factors for suicide attempts among Navajo adolescents," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 81(7), pages 870-874.
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    1. Judit Pons-Baños & David Ballester-Ferrando & Lola Riesco-Miranda & Santiago Escoté-Llobet & Jordi Jiménez-Nuño & Concepció Fuentes-Pumarola & Montserrat Serra-Millàs, 2020. "Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Associated with Suicidal Behaviour and Relationship with a Nurse-Led Suicide Prevention Programme," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Mudasar Hassan & Afshan Jafri & Oubideh Ramadan, 2017. "Addiction and Suicide Substance use Disorders and Risk for Suicide: A Systematic Review," Global Journal of Addiction & Rehabilitation Medicine, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 3(4), pages 90-99, September.
    3. Rosario Valdez-Santiago & Aremis Villalobos & Luz Arenas-Monreal & Catalina González-Forteza & Alicia Edith Hermosillo-de-la-Torre & Corina Benjet & Fernando A. Wagner, 2021. "Comparative Analysis of Lifetime Suicide Attempts among Mexican Adolescents, over the Past 12 Years," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-13, May.
    4. Silke Bachmann, 2018. "Epidemiology of Suicide and the Psychiatric Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-23, July.
    5. Jalal Poorolajal & Nahid Darvishi, 2016. "Smoking and Suicide: A Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(7), pages 1-18, July.
    6. Mozhgan Taban & Seyed Kazem Malakouti & Hadi Ranjbar & Mehrdad Eftekhar Ardebili & Seyed Abbas Motavalian & Mehran Zarghami & Habibolah Khazaie & Hamideh Mohammadi Farsani & Zahra Ghiasi, 2019. "Making a symbolic gesture: a qualitative examination of self-immolation in Iran," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 53(4), pages 2117-2130, July.
    7. Chanhee Seo & Christina Di Carlo & Selina Xiangxu Dong & Karine Fournier & Kay-Anne Haykal, 2021. "Risk factors for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among medical students: A meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(12), pages 1-15, December.
    8. Laura Masferrer & Elisenda Escalé-Muntañà & Rafel Malagón & Jordi Cid & Beatriz Caparrós, 2018. "Which Psychopathological Syndromes Could Be Associated with the Risk of Suicide among Substance Users?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-10, October.
    9. Byung-sun You & Kyu-hyoung Jeong & Heeran J. Cho, 2020. "Regional Suicide Rate Change Patterns in Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-10, September.
    10. Louise Brådvik & Mats Berglund & Arne Frank & Peter Löwenhielm, 2017. "Clinical Prediction of Suicide and Undetermined Death: A Pseudo-Prospective Clinical and Medico-Legal Study of Substance Abusers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-9, March.
    11. Tashi Dendup & Yun Zhao & Tandin Dorji & Sonam Phuntsho, 2020. "Risk factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in Bhutan: An analysis of the 2014 Bhutan STEPS Survey data," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, January.
    12. María Teresa Carrasco-Barrios & Paloma Huertas & Paloma Martín & Carlos Martín & Mª Carmen Castillejos & Eleni Petkari & Berta Moreno-Küstner, 2020. "Determinants of Suicidality in the European General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-24, June.
    13. Asharani PV & Tan Jun Wen & Mohamed Zakir Karuvetil & Alvin Cheong & Christopher Cheok & Gomathinayagam Kandasami, 2019. "Unnatural Death among Treatment Seeking Substance Users in Singapore: A Retrospective Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-11, July.

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