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Prognostic Value of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Immunohistochemical Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature

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  • Zhihong Zhao
  • Guixiang Liao
  • Yongqiang Li
  • Shulu Zhou
  • Hequn Zou
  • Samitha Fernando

Abstract

Background: Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) protein has been correlated with progression and survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The prognostic value of CAIX in RCC however, remains inconclusive according to published works. This study aimed to analyze CAIX as a biological marker to predict RCC patient prognosis. Methods: A literature search of the PubMed and Web of Knowledge databases was performed to retrieve original studies from their inception to December of 2013. Fifteen studies, collectively including a total of 2611 patients with renal cell carcinoma, were carefully reviewed. Standard meta-analysis methods were applied to evaluate the prognostic impact of CAIX expression on patient prognosis. The hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were recorded for the relationship between CAIX expression and survival, and the data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.2 software and Stata software 11.0. Results: In patients with RCC, low CAIX expression was associated with poor disease-specific survival (HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.20–2.98, P = 0.006), unfavorable progression-free survival (HR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.14–6.05, P = 0.02) and worse overall survival (HR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.28–3.21, P = 0.002). Furthermore, low CAIX expression was significantly associated with the presence of lymph node metastases (odds ratio (OR) = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.15–0.62, P = 0.0009) and distant metastases (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.46–0.96, P = 0.03) and predicted a higher tumor grade (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.31–0.54, P

Suggested Citation

  • Zhihong Zhao & Guixiang Liao & Yongqiang Li & Shulu Zhou & Hequn Zou & Samitha Fernando, 2014. "Prognostic Value of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Immunohistochemical Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(11), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0114096
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114096
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    1. Patrick H. Maxwell & Michael S. Wiesener & Gin-Wen Chang & Steven C. Clifford & Emma C. Vaux & Matthew E. Cockman & Charles C. Wykoff & Christopher W. Pugh & Eamonn R. Maher & Peter J. Ratcliffe, 1999. "The tumour suppressor protein VHL targets hypoxia-inducible factors for oxygen-dependent proteolysis," Nature, Nature, vol. 399(6733), pages 271-275, May.
    2. Andreas Krieg & Thomas A Werner & Pablo E Verde & Nikolas H Stoecklein & Wolfram T Knoefel, 2013. "Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of Survivin in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(6), pages 1-8, June.
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