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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Performance of Two Point of Care Typhoid Fever Tests, Tubex TF and Typhidot, in Endemic Countries

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  • Kamala Thriemer
  • Benedikt Ley
  • Joris Menten
  • Jan Jacobs
  • Jef van den Ende

Abstract

Background: In the absence of well-equipped laboratory infrastructure in many developing countries the accurate diagnosis of typhoid fever is challenging. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) with good performance indicators would be helpful to improve clinical management of suspected cases. We performed a systematic literature review and meta- analysis to determine the performance of TUBEX TF and Typhidot for the diagnosis of typhoid fever using PRISMA guidelines. Methods: Titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevance. Articles were screened for language, reference method and completeness. Studies were categorized according to control groups used. Meta-analysis was performed only for categories where enough data was available to combine sensitivity and specificity estimates. Sub-analysis was performed for the Typhidot test to determine the influence of indeterminate results on test performance. Results: A total of seven studies per test were included. The sensitivity of TUBEX TF ranged between 56% and 95%, Specificity between 72% and 95%. Meta-analysis showed an average sensitivity of 69% (95%CI: 45–85) and an average specificity of 88% (CI95%:83–91). A formal meta-analysis for Typhidot was not possible due to limited data available. Across the extracted studies, sensitivity and specificity estimates ranged from 56% to 84% and 31% to 97% respectively. Conclusion: The observed performance does not support the use of either rapid diagnostic test exclusively as the basis for diagnosis and treatment. There is a need to develop an RDT for typhoid fever that has a performance level comparable to malaria RDTs.

Suggested Citation

  • Kamala Thriemer & Benedikt Ley & Joris Menten & Jan Jacobs & Jef van den Ende, 2013. "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Performance of Two Point of Care Typhoid Fever Tests, Tubex TF and Typhidot, in Endemic Countries," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(12), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0081263
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081263
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sara Saleh & Sandra Van Puyvelde & An Staes & Evy Timmerman & Barbara Barbé & Jan Jacobs & Kris Gevaert & Stijn Deborggraeve, 2019. "Salmonella Typhi, Paratyphi A, Enteritidis and Typhimurium core proteomes reveal differentially expressed proteins linked to the cell surface and pathogenicity," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(5), pages 1-16, May.
    2. Helen L Storey & Ying Huang & Chris Crudder & Allison Golden & Tala de los Santos & Kenneth Hawkins, 2015. "A Meta-Analysis of Typhoid Diagnostic Accuracy Studies: A Recommendation to Adopt a Standardized Composite Reference," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(11), pages 1-24, November.

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