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Cognitive Ability in Late Adolescence and Disability Pension in Middle Age: Follow-Up of a National Cohort of Swedish Males

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  • Alma Sörberg
  • Andreas Lundin
  • Peter Allebeck
  • Bo Melin
  • Daniel Falkstedt
  • Tomas Hemmingsson

Abstract

Low cognitive ability in late adolescence has previously been shown to be associated with disability pension (DP) in young adulthood. However, most DP’s are granted later in working life, and the mechanisms of the association are not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the association between cognitive ability in late adolescence and DP at ages 40-59, and investigate the role of individual and socioeconomic factors. Information on cognitive ability, health status, personality aspects and health behaviours at age 18-20 was obtained from the 1969-70 conscription cohort, comprising 49 321 Swedish men. Data on DP’s 1991-2008 was obtained from the Longitudinal Database of Education, Income and Employment. Information on socioeconomic and work-related factors in childhood and adulthood was obtained from national sociodemographic databases. Hazard ratios for DP during follow-up were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. We found a graded relationship between cognitive ability in late adolescence and DP in middle age. One step decrease on the nine-point stanine scale of cognitive ability was associated with a crude hazard ratio of 1.26 (95 % CI 1.24-1.27). Socioeconomic and work-related circumstances in adulthood explained much of the association, but factors measured already in late adolescence also showed importance. The findings suggest an accumulation of risks over the life course. Although attenuated, the graded relationship remained after adjusting for all factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Alma Sörberg & Andreas Lundin & Peter Allebeck & Bo Melin & Daniel Falkstedt & Tomas Hemmingsson, 2013. "Cognitive Ability in Late Adolescence and Disability Pension in Middle Age: Follow-Up of a National Cohort of Swedish Males," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(10), pages 1-1, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0078268
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078268
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hemmingsson, Tomas & Essen, Jan v. & Melin, Bo & Allebeck, Peter & Lundberg, Ingvar, 2007. "The association between cognitive ability measured at ages 18-20 and coronary heart disease in middle age among men: A prospective study using the Swedish 1969 conscription cohort," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 65(7), pages 1410-1419, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Stein Atle Lie & Torill H Tveito & Silje E Reme & Hege R Eriksen, 2017. "IQ and mental health are vital predictors of work drop out and early mortality. Multi-state analyses of Norwegian male conscripts," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(7), pages 1-15, July.
    2. Andreas Lundin & Alma Sörberg Wallin & Daniel Falkstedt & Peter Allebeck & Tomas Hemmingsson, 2015. "Intelligence and Disability Pension in Swedish Men and Women Followed from Childhood to Late Middle Age," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(6), pages 1-14, June.
    3. Bratsberg, Bernt & Rogeberg, Ole, 2017. "Childhood socioeconomic status does not explain the IQ-mortality gradient," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 148-154.

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