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Disentangling Coordination among Functional Traits Using an Individual-Centred Model: Impact on Plant Performance at Intra- and Inter-Specific Levels

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  • Vincent Maire
  • Nicolas Gross
  • David Hill
  • Raphaël Martin
  • Christian Wirth
  • Ian J Wright
  • Jean-François Soussana

Abstract

Background: Plant functional traits co-vary along strategy spectra, thereby defining trade-offs for resource acquisition and utilization amongst other processes. A main objective of plant ecology is to quantify the correlations among traits and ask why some of them are sufficiently closely coordinated to form a single axis of functional specialization. However, due to trait co-variations in nature, it is difficult to propose a mechanistic and causal explanation for the origin of trade-offs among traits observed at both intra- and inter-specific level. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using the Gemini individual-centered model which coordinates physiological and morphological processes, we investigated with 12 grass species the consequences of deliberately decoupling variation of leaf traits (specific leaf area, leaf lifespan) and plant stature (height and tiller number) on plant growth and phenotypic variability. For all species under both high and low N supplies, simulated trait values maximizing plant growth in monocultures matched observed trait values. Moreover, at the intraspecific level, plastic trait responses to N addition predicted by the model were in close agreement with observed trait responses. In a 4D trait space, our modeling approach highlighted that the unique trait combination maximizing plant growth under a given environmental condition was determined by a coordination of leaf, root and whole plant processes that tended to co-limit the acquisition and use of carbon and of nitrogen. Conclusion/Significance: Our study provides a mechanistic explanation for the origin of trade-offs between plant functional traits and further predicts plasticity in plant traits in response to environmental changes. In a multidimensional trait space, regions occupied by current plant species can therefore be viewed as adaptive corridors where trait combinations minimize allometric and physiological constraints from the organ to the whole plant levels. The regions outside this corridor are empty because of inferior plant performance.

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  • Vincent Maire & Nicolas Gross & David Hill & Raphaël Martin & Christian Wirth & Ian J Wright & Jean-François Soussana, 2013. "Disentangling Coordination among Functional Traits Using an Individual-Centred Model: Impact on Plant Performance at Intra- and Inter-Specific Levels," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(10), pages 1-1, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0077372
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077372
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maire, Vincent & Soussana, Jean-François & Gross, Nicolas & Bachelet, Bruno & Pagès, Loïc & Martin, Raphaël & Reinhold, Tanja & Wirth, Christian & Hill, David, 2013. "Plasticity of plant form and function sustains productivity and dominance along environment and competition gradients. A modeling experiment with Gemini," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 254(C), pages 80-91.
    2. U. Dieckmann & R. Law, 1996. "The Dynamical Theory of Coevolution: A Derivation from Stochastic Ecological Processes," Working Papers wp96001, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.
    3. Peter B. Reich & Mark G. Tjoelker & Jose-Luis Machado & Jacek Oleksyn, 2006. "Universal scaling of respiratory metabolism, size and nitrogen in plants," Nature, Nature, vol. 439(7075), pages 457-461, January.
    4. Martineau, Yann & Saugier, Bernard, 2007. "A process-based model of old field succession linking ecosystem and community ecology," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 204(3), pages 399-419.
    5. Tomlinson, Kyle W. & Dominy, James G. & Hearne, John W. & O’Connor, Timothy G., 2007. "A functional-structural model for growth of clonal bunchgrasses," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 202(3), pages 243-264.
    6. Soussana, Jean-François & Maire, Vincent & Gross, Nicolas & Bachelet, Bruno & Pagès, Loic & Martin, Raphaël & Hill, David & Wirth, Christian, 2012. "Gemini: A grassland model simulating the role of plant traits for community dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Parameterization and evaluation," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 134-145.
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    1. Confalonieri, R., 2014. "CoSMo: A simple approach for reproducing plant community dynamics using a single instance of generic crop simulators," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 286(C), pages 1-10.
    2. Movedi, Ermes & Bellocchi, Gianni & Argenti, Giovanni & Paleari, Livia & Vesely, Fosco & Staglianò, Nicolina & Dibari, Camilla & Confalonieri, Roberto, 2019. "Development of generic crop models for simulation of multi-species plant communities in mown grasslands," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 401(C), pages 111-128.
    3. Laughlin, Daniel C. & Joshi, Chaitanya, 2015. "Theoretical consequences of trait-based environmental filtering for the breadth and shape of the niche: New testable hypotheses generated by the Traitspace model," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 307(C), pages 10-21.

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