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Associations Between Night Work and Anxiety, Depression, Insomnia, Sleepiness and Fatigue in a Sample of Norwegian Nurses

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  • Nicolas M F Øyane
  • Ståle Pallesen
  • Bente Elisabeth Moen
  • Torbjörn Åkerstedt
  • Bjørn Bjorvatn

Abstract

Background: Night work has been reported to be associated with various mental disorders and complaints. We investigated relationships between night work and anxiety, depression, insomnia, sleepiness and fatigue among Norwegian nurses. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional, based on validated self-assessment questionnaires. A total of 5400 nurses were invited to participate in a health survey through the Norwegian Nurses' Organization, whereof 2059 agreed to participate (response rate 38.1%). Nurses completed a questionnaire containing items on demographic variables (gender, age, years of experience as a nurse, marital status and children living at home), work schedule, anxiety/depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), insomnia (Bergen Insomnia Scale), sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and fatigue (Fatigue Questionnaire). They were also asked to report number of night shifts in the last 12 months (NNL). First, the parameters were compared between nurses i) never working nights, ii) currently working nights, and iii) previously working nights, using binary logistic regression analyses. Subsequently, a cumulative approach was used investigating associations between NNL with the continuous scores on the same dependent variables in hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Results: Nurses with current night work were more often categorized with insomnia (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.10–1.99) and chronic fatigue (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.02–3.11) than nurses with no night work experience. Previous night work experience was also associated with insomnia (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.04–2.02). NNL was not associated with any parameters in the regression analyses. Conclusion: Nurses with current or previous night work reported more insomnia than nurses without any night work experience, and current night work was also associated with chronic fatigue. Anxiety, depression and sleepiness were not associated with night work, and no cumulative effect of night shifts during the last 12 months was found on any parameters.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicolas M F Øyane & Ståle Pallesen & Bente Elisabeth Moen & Torbjörn Åkerstedt & Bjørn Bjorvatn, 2013. "Associations Between Night Work and Anxiety, Depression, Insomnia, Sleepiness and Fatigue in a Sample of Norwegian Nurses," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(8), pages 1-7, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0070228
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070228
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    Cited by:

    1. Mo-Yeol Kang & Ho-Jang Kwon & Kyung-Hwa Choi & Chung-Won Kang & Hyunjoo Kim, 2017. "The relationship between shift work and mental health among electronics workers in South Korea: A cross-sectional study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(11), pages 1-10, November.
    2. Jindarat Chaiard & Jirawan Deeluea & Benjamas Suksatit & Wanpen Songkham & Nonglak Inta & Teresa E. Stone, 2019. "Sleep disturbances and related factors among nurses," Nursing & Health Sciences, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 21(4), pages 470-478, December.
    3. Marianne Gjellestad & Kristin Haraldstad & Heidi Enehaug & Migle Helmersen, 2023. "Women’s Health and Working Life: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-19, January.
    4. Jison Ki & Jaegeum Ryu & Jihyun Baek & Iksoo Huh & Smi Choi-Kwon, 2020. "Association between Health Problems and Turnover Intention in Shift Work Nurses: Health Problem Clustering," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-12, June.
    5. Irram Shahzadi & Saira Rafiq & Umair Ali, 2022. "Investigating the Influence of Flexible Work Arrangements on Work-Life Balance in South Asian Gig Workers: Does Ryff's Six-Factor model of Psychological Well-being Moderates?," iRASD Journal of Management, International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development (iRASD), vol. 4(2), pages 316-329, june.

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