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Male Out-Migration: A Factor for the Spread of HIV Infection among Married Men and Women in Rural India

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  • Niranjan Saggurti
  • Bidhubhusan Mahapatra
  • Shrutika Sabarwal
  • Subash Ghosh
  • Aradhana Johri

Abstract

Introduction: Thus far, the reasons for increasing HIV prevalence in northern and eastern Indian states are unknown. We investigated the role of male out-migration in the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection through a case-control study in rural India. Methods: Currently married men and women were recruited from HIV testing and treatment centers across seven selected districts with high rates of male out-migration in eastern and northern India in 2010 using a case-control study design. Case subjects (men: 595, women: 609) were people who tested HIV seropositive and control subjects (men: 611, women: 600) were those tested HIV seronegative. For each gender, we obtained adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and population attributable risks (PARs) for migration, and behavioral factors. Results: For men, the prevalence of HIV was significantly higher among those with a migration history (AOR, 4·4); for women, the prevalence of HIV was higher among those with migrant husbands (AOR, 2·3). For both genders, the returned male migration (men: AOR, 3·7; women: AOR, 2·8) was significantly associated with higher prevalence of HIV infection. The PAR associated with male migration was higher for men (54·5%–68·6%) than for women (32·7%–56·9%) across the study areas. Discussion: Male out-migration is the most important risk factor influencing the spread of HIV infection in rural areas with high out-migration rates, thereby emphasizing the need for interventions, particularly, for returned migrants and spouses of those migrants.

Suggested Citation

  • Niranjan Saggurti & Bidhubhusan Mahapatra & Shrutika Sabarwal & Subash Ghosh & Aradhana Johri, 2012. "Male Out-Migration: A Factor for the Spread of HIV Infection among Married Men and Women in Rural India," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(9), pages 1-7, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0043222
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043222
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. repec:sae:mrxval:v:38:y:2004:i:1:p:212-235 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. repec:sae:mrxval:v:33:y:1999:i:4:p:833-856 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Soskolne, Varda & Shtarkshall, Ronny A., 2002. "Migration and HIV prevention programmes: linking structural factors, culture, and individual behaviour--an Israeli experience," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 55(8), pages 1297-1307, October.
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