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Collective Irrationality and Positive Feedback

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  • Stamatios C Nicolis
  • Natalia Zabzina
  • Tanya Latty
  • David J T Sumpter

Abstract

Recent experiments on ants and slime moulds have assessed the degree to which they make rational decisions when presented with a number of alternative food sources or shelter. Ants and slime moulds are just two examples of a wide range of species and biological processes that use positive feedback mechanisms to reach decisions. Here we use a generic, experimentally validated model of positive feedback between group members to show that the probability of taking the best of options depends crucially on the strength of feedback. We show how the probability of choosing the best option can be maximized by applying an optimal feedback strength. Importantly, this optimal value depends on the number of options, so that when we change the number of options the preference of the group changes, producing apparent “irrationalities”. We thus reinterpret the idea that collectives show "rational" or "irrational" preferences as being a necessary consequence of the use of positive feedback. We argue that positive feedback is a heuristic which often produces fast and accurate group decision-making, but is always susceptible to apparent irrationality when studied under particular experimental conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Stamatios C Nicolis & Natalia Zabzina & Tanya Latty & David J T Sumpter, 2011. "Collective Irrationality and Positive Feedback," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(4), pages 1-6, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0018901
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018901
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Takao Sasaki & Stephen C. Pratt, 2011. "Emergence of group rationality from irrational individuals," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 22(2), pages 276-281.
    3. Konstantinos V Katsikopoulos & Andrew J King, 2010. "Swarm Intelligence in Animal Groups: When Can a Collective Out-Perform an Expert?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(11), pages 1-5, November.
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    1. Dussutour, Audrey & Nicolis, Stamatios C., 2013. "Flexibility in collective decision-making by ant colonies: Tracking food across space and time," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 32-38.
    2. Minsung Kim & Minki Kim, 2014. "Group-Wise Herding Behavior in Financial Markets: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(4), pages 1-7, April.
    3. Natalia Zabzina & Audrey Dussutour & Richard P Mann & David J T Sumpter & Stamatios C Nicolis, 2014. "Symmetry Restoring Bifurcation in Collective Decision-Making," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(12), pages 1-11, December.
    4. Zabzina, Natalia, 2015. "A gradient flow approach to the model of positive feedback in decision-making," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 215-224.

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