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Genomic African and Native American Ancestry and Chagas Disease: The Bambui (Brazil) Epigen Cohort Study of Aging

Author

Listed:
  • M Fernanda Lima-Costa
  • James Macinko
  • Juliana Vaz de Mello Mambrini
  • Sérgio Viana Peixoto
  • Alexandre Costa Pereira
  • Eduardo Tarazona-Santos
  • Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro

Abstract

Background: The influence of genetic ancestry on Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas disease outcomes is unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings: We used 370,539 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) to examine the association between individual proportions of African, European and Native American genomic ancestry with T. cruzi infection and related outcomes in 1,341 participants (aged ≥ 60 years) of the Bambui (Brazil) population-based cohort study of aging. Potential confounding variables included sociodemographic characteristics and an array of health measures. The prevalence of T. cruzi infection was 37.5% and 56.3% of those infected had a major ECG abnormality. Baseline T. cruzi infection was correlated with higher levels of African and Native American ancestry, which in turn were strongly associated with poor socioeconomic circumstances. Cardiomyopathy in infected persons was not significantly associated with African or Native American ancestry levels. Infected persons with a major ECG abnormality were at increased risk of 15-year mortality relative to their counterparts with no such abnormalities (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.80; 95% 1.41, 2.32). African and Native American ancestry levels had no significant effect modifying this association. Conclusions/Significance: Our findings indicate that African and Native American ancestry have no influence on the presence of major ECG abnormalities and had no influence on the ability of an ECG abnormality to predict mortality in older people infected with T. cruzi. In contrast, our results revealed a strong and independent association between prevalent T. cruzi infection and higher levels of African and Native American ancestry. Whether this association is a consequence of genetic background or differential exposure to infection remains to be determined. Author Summary: Chagas disease (ChD), which is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, affects approximately 8 million people worldwide. ChD is known as a neglected tropical disease. The disease is endemic in South and Central American countries, and is an emerging issue in North America and Europe. This study examined, for the first time, the association between genomic ancestry and T. cruzi infection, Chagasic cardiomyopathy and its ability to predict long term mortality. Our results show that persons with higher levels of African and Native American ancestries (and the reverse for European ancestry) are more likely to be infected with T. cruzi. However, genomic ancestry had no effect on either Chagasic cardiomyopathy or on its ability to predict mortality. Whether the association between T. cruzi infection and genomic ancestry is a consequence of genetic susceptibility or differential exposure to infection due to poor socioeconomic circumstances over the life course, remains to be determined.

Suggested Citation

  • M Fernanda Lima-Costa & James Macinko & Juliana Vaz de Mello Mambrini & Sérgio Viana Peixoto & Alexandre Costa Pereira & Eduardo Tarazona-Santos & Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro, 2016. "Genomic African and Native American Ancestry and Chagas Disease: The Bambui (Brazil) Epigen Cohort Study of Aging," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-14, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pntd00:0004724
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004724
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lima-Costa, M.F. & De Oliveira, C. & MacInko, J. & Marmot, M., 2012. "Socioeconomic inequalities in health in older adults in Brazil and England," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(8), pages 1535-1541.
    2. M Fernanda Lima-Costa & James Macinko & Juliana Vaz de Melo Mambrini & Cibele C Cesar & Sérgio V Peixoto & Wagner C S Magalhães & Bernardo L Horta & Mauricio Barreto & Erico Castro-Costa & Josélia O A, 2015. "Genomic Ancestry, Self-Rated Health and Its Association with Mortality in an Admixed Population: 10 Year Follow-Up of the Bambui-Epigen (Brazil) Cohort Study of Ageing," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(12), pages 1-14, December.
    3. J. Scott Long & Jeremy Freese, 2006. "Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables using Stata, 2nd Edition," Stata Press books, StataCorp LP, edition 2, number long2, March.
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