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Toxocariasis and Epilepsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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  • Graziella Quattrocchi
  • Alessandra Nicoletti
  • Benoit Marin
  • Elisa Bruno
  • Michel Druet-Cabanac
  • Pierre-Marie Preux

Abstract

Objective: Human toxocariasis is a zoonotic infection caused by the larval stages of Toxocara canis (T. canis) and less frequently Toxocara cati (T. cati). A relationship between toxocariasis and epilepsy has been hypothesized. We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis of available data to evaluate the strength of association between epilepsy and Toxocara spp. seropositivity and to propose some guidelines for future surveys. Data Sources: Electronic databases, the database from the Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology of the University of Limoges (http://www-ient.unilim.fr/) and the reference lists of all relevant papers and books were screened up to October 2011. Methods: We performed a systematic review of literature on toxocariasis (the exposure) and epilepsy (the outcome). Two authors independently assessed eligibility and study quality and extracted data. A common odds ratio (OR) was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis model of aggregated published data. Results: Seven case-control studies met the inclusion criteria, for a total of 1867 participants (850 cases and 1017 controls). The percentage of seropositivity (presence of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies) was higher among people with epilepsy (PWE) in all the included studies even if the association between epilepsy and Toxocara spp. seropositivity was statistically significant in only 4 studies, with crude ORs ranging 2.04–2.85. Another study bordered statistical significance, while in 2 of the included studies no significant association was found. A significant (p

Suggested Citation

  • Graziella Quattrocchi & Alessandra Nicoletti & Benoit Marin & Elisa Bruno & Michel Druet-Cabanac & Pierre-Marie Preux, 2012. "Toxocariasis and Epilepsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(8), pages 1-10, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pntd00:0001775
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001775
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Peter J Hotez & Patricia P Wilkins, 2009. "Toxocariasis: America's Most Common Neglected Infection of Poverty and a Helminthiasis of Global Importance?," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 3(3), pages 1-4, March.
    2. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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    1. Loretta Giuliano & Calogero Edoardo Cicero & Elizabeth Blanca Crespo Gómez & Sandra Padilla & Elisa Bruno & Mario Camargo & Benoit Marin & Vito Sofia & Pierre-Marie Preux & Marianne Strohmeyer & Aless, 2017. "A screening questionnaire for convulsive seizures: A three-stage field-validation in rural Bolivia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(3), pages 1-11, March.

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