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Improving the Cost-Effectiveness of Artificial Visual Baits for Controlling the Tsetse Fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes

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  • Jenny M Lindh
  • Steve J Torr
  • Glyn A Vale
  • Mike J Lehane

Abstract

Tsetse flies, which transmit sleeping sickness to humans and nagana to cattle, are commonly controlled by stationary artificial baits consisting of traps or insecticide-treated screens known as targets. In Kenya the use of electrocuting sampling devices showed that the numbers of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Newstead) visiting a biconical trap were nearly double those visiting a black target of 100 cm×100 cm. However, only 40% of the males and 21% of the females entered the trap, whereas 71% and 34%, respectively, alighted on the target. The greater number visiting the trap appeared to be due to its being largely blue, rather than being three-dimensional or raised above the ground. Through a series of variations of target design we show that a blue-and-black panel of cloth (0.06 m2) flanked by a panel (0.06 m2) of fine black netting, placed at ground level, would be about ten times more cost-effective than traps or large targets in control campaigns. This finding has important implications for controlling all subspecies of G. fuscipes, which are currently responsible for more than 90% of sleeping sickness cases.

Suggested Citation

  • Jenny M Lindh & Steve J Torr & Glyn A Vale & Mike J Lehane, 2009. "Improving the Cost-Effectiveness of Artificial Visual Baits for Controlling the Tsetse Fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 3(7), pages 1-7, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pntd00:0000474
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000474
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    Cited by:

    1. Mechtilda Byamungu & Tusevo Zacarie & Alexis Makumyaviri M’Pondi & Philémon Mansinsa Diabakana & Andrew McMullin & Thomas Kröber & Steve Mihok & Patrick M Guerin, 2018. "Standardising visual control devices for Tsetse: East and Central African Savannah species Glossina swynnertoni, Glossina morsitans centralis and Glossina pallidipes," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(9), pages 1-20, September.
    2. Martial L Ndeffo-Mbah & Abhishek Pandey & Katherine E Atkins & Serap Aksoy & Alison P Galvani, 2019. "The impact of vector migration on the effectiveness of strategies to control gambiense human African trypanosomiasis," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(12), pages 1-15, December.
    3. Roger D Santer & Michael N Okal & Johan Esterhuizen & Steve J Torr, 2021. "Evaluation of improved coloured targets to control riverine tsetse in East Africa: A Bayesian approach," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(6), pages 1-22, June.
    4. Dramane Kaba & Tusevo Zacarie & Alexis Makumyaviri M'Pondi & Flobert Njiokou & Henriette Bosson-Vanga & Thomas Kröber & Andrew McMullin & Steve Mihok & Patrick M Guerin, 2014. "Standardising Visual Control Devices for Tsetse Flies: Central and West African Species Glossina palpalis palpalis," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(1), pages 1-11, January.
    5. Roger D Santer, 2014. "A Colour Opponent Model That Explains Tsetse Fly Attraction to Visual Baits and Can Be Used to Investigate More Efficacious Bait Materials," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(12), pages 1-16, December.
    6. Kat S Rock & Steve J Torr & Crispin Lumbala & Matt J Keeling, 2017. "Predicting the Impact of Intervention Strategies for Sleeping Sickness in Two High-Endemicity Health Zones of the Democratic Republic of Congo," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(1), pages 1-17, January.

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