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Gender affirming hormone therapy dosing behaviors among transgender and nonbinary adults

Author

Listed:
  • Arjee Restar

    (University of Washington
    Yale University School of Public Health
    Center for Applied Transgender Studies)

  • E. J. Dusic

    (University of Washington)

  • Henri Garrison-Desany

    (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health)

  • Elle Lett

    (Center for Applied Transgender Studies
    University of Pennsylvania)

  • Avery Everhart

    (Center for Applied Transgender Studies
    University of Southern California)

  • Kellan E. Baker

    (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
    Whitman-Walker Institute)

  • Ayden I. Scheim

    (Drexel University)

  • S. Wilson Beckham

    (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health)

  • Sari Reisner

    (Harvard University)

  • Adam J. Rose

    (Hebrew University School of Public Health)

  • Matthew J. Mimiaga

    (UCLA Center for LGBTQ+ Advocacy, Research & Health
    UCLA Fielding School of Public Health)

  • Asa Radix

    (Yale University School of Public Health
    Columbia University
    Callen-Lorde Community Health Center)

  • Don Operario

    (Brown University School of Public Health)

  • Jaclyn M. W. Hughto

    (Brown University School of Public Health
    The Fenway Institute)

Abstract

Gender-affirming hormones have been shown to improve psychological functioning and quality of life among transgender and nonbinary (trans) people, yet, scant research exists regarding whether and why individuals take more or less hormones than prescribed. Drawing on survey data from 379 trans people who were prescribed hormones, we utilized multivariable logistic regression models to identify factors associated with hormone-dosing behaviors and content analysis to examine the reasons for dose modifications. Overall, 24% of trans individuals took more hormones than prescribed and 57% took less. Taking more hormones than prescribed was significantly associated with having the same provider for primary and gender-affirming care and gender-based discrimination. Income and insurance coverage barriers were significantly associated with taking less hormones than prescribed. Differences by gender identity were also observed. Addressing barriers to hormone access and cost could help to ensure safe hormone-dosing behaviors and the achievement trans people’s gender-affirmation goals.

Suggested Citation

  • Arjee Restar & E. J. Dusic & Henri Garrison-Desany & Elle Lett & Avery Everhart & Kellan E. Baker & Ayden I. Scheim & S. Wilson Beckham & Sari Reisner & Adam J. Rose & Matthew J. Mimiaga & Asa Radix &, 2022. "Gender affirming hormone therapy dosing behaviors among transgender and nonbinary adults," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:palcom:v:9:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1057_s41599-022-01291-5
    DOI: 10.1057/s41599-022-01291-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sari L Reisner & Jaclyn M W Hughto, 2019. "Comparing the health of non-binary and binary transgender adults in a statewide non-probability sample," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(8), pages 1-20, August.
    2. Everhart, Avery R. & Boska, Hayden & Sinai-Glazer, Hagit & Wilson-Yang, Jia Qing & Burke, Nora Butler & LeBlanc, Gabrielle & Persad, Yasmeen & Ortigoza, Evana & Scheim, Ayden I. & Marshall, Zack, 2022. "‘I'm not interested in research; i'm interested in services': How to better health and social services for transgender women living with and affected by HIV," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    3. White Hughto, Jaclyn M. & Reisner, Sari L. & Pachankis, John E., 2015. "Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 222-231.
    4. Cruz, Taylor M., 2014. "Assessing access to care for transgender and gender nonconforming people: A consideration of diversity in combating discrimination," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 65-73.
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