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Dictadura, democracia y desarrollo

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  • Mancur Olson

Abstract

Bajo la anarquía, el robo competitivo descoordinado que efectúan los "bandidos merodeadores" destruye el incentivo para invertir y producir, dejando escaso margen para la población o los bandidos. Ambos podrían sal ir mejor librados si un bandido se impusiera como dictador un "bandido estacionario" que monopoliza y racionaliza el robo en forma de impuestos. Un autócrata firme tiene un interés global en su dominio que lo conduce a proporcionar un orden pacífico y otros bienes públicos que incrementan la productividad. Cuando un autócrata prevé que va a permanecer un breve lapso en el cargo, le conviene confiscar aquellos bienes cuyo rendimiento tributario durante ese lapso sea menor que su valor total. Este incentivo, más la incertidumbre propia de la sucesión, inherente a las dictaduras, implica que las autocracias rara vez tengan un buen rendimiento económico por más de una generación. Las condiciones necesarias para una democracia duradera son las mismas que se requieren para la seguridad de los bienes y de los derechos contractuales que generan crecimiento económico.

Suggested Citation

  • Mancur Olson, 1994. "Dictadura, democracia y desarrollo," Apuntes. Revista de ciencias sociales, Fondo Editorial, Universidad del Pacífico, vol. 21(35), pages 3-17.
    • Handle: RePEc:pai:apunup:es-35-01
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Edgar Kiser & Yoram Barzel, 1991. "The Origins of Democracy in England," Rationality and Society, , vol. 3(4), pages 396-422, October.
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