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Investment Incentives: New Money, Debt Relief, and the Critical Role of Conditionality in the Debt Crisis

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  • Claessens, Stijn
  • Diwan, Ishac

Abstract

External debt depresses investment and lowers economic growth below its potential through its negative effect on liquidity and expected profitability. These effects can pull a country into a downward spiral in which both the debtor country and creditors lose. This article considers the possibilities for revising contracts between a debtor and its creditors once a debt crisis has erupted. The framework that we develop shows how various combinations of new money and cuts in debt and debt service affect a debtor country's welfare, its debt repayments, and the earnings of its creditors. The analysis distinguishes between debtor countries that are willing and able to precommit credibly to an adjustment program and those that are not. This distinction provides the basis for a discussion of conditional lending by the international financial institutions to provide incentives and sanctions that make credible a debtor's promises to invest. Copyright 1990 by Oxford University Press.

Suggested Citation

  • Claessens, Stijn & Diwan, Ishac, 1990. "Investment Incentives: New Money, Debt Relief, and the Critical Role of Conditionality in the Debt Crisis," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 4(1), pages 21-41, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:wbecrv:v:4:y:1990:i:1:p:21-41
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    Cited by:

    1. Giulio Federico, 2001. "IMF Conditionality," Economics Papers 2001-W19, Economics Group, Nuffield College, University of Oxford, revised 01 Sep 2001.
    2. Marin Ferry & Marc Raffinot, 2019. "Curse or Blessing? Has the Impact of Debt Relief Lived up to Expectations? A Review of the Effects of the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiatives for Low-Income Countries," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(9), pages 1867-1891, September.
    3. Anna Tykhonenko & Donnat Grégory, 2022. "Debt Relief: The Day After, Financing Low-Income Countries," Post-Print hal-04298772, HAL.
    4. Gooptu, Sudarshan, 1996. "Emerging policy issues in development finance," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(Supplemen), pages 85-100.
    5. repec:dgr:rugcds:199906 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Eaton, Jonathan & Fernandez, Raquel, 1995. "Sovereign debt," Handbook of International Economics, in: G. M. Grossman & K. Rogoff (ed.), Handbook of International Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 3, pages 2031-2077, Elsevier.
    7. Giulio Federico, 2001. "IMF Conditionality," Economics Series Working Papers 2001-W19, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    8. Claessens, Stijn, 1993. "Alternative Forms of External Finance: A Survey," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 8(1), pages 91-117, January.
    9. Beetsma, Roel & Mavromatis, Kostas, 2014. "An analysis of eurobonds," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 91-111.
    10. Constantino J. Gode, 2001. "Sovereign Debt and Uncertainty in the Mozambican Economy," WIDER Working Paper Series DP2001-130, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    11. Patenema Ouedraogo, 2022. "The Impact Of Public Debt On The Sustainability Of The Economy," Economy & Business Journal, International Scientific Publications, Bulgaria, vol. 16(1), pages 334-350.
    12. Mr. Damiano Sandri, 2015. "Dealing with Systemic Sovereign Debt Crises: Fiscal Consolidation, Bail-ins or Official Transfers?," IMF Working Papers 2015/223, International Monetary Fund.
    13. Klimenko, Mikhail M., 2002. "Trade interdependence, the international financial institutions, and the recent evolution of sovereign-debt renegotiations," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 177-209, October.
    14. Gary Dymski, 2011. "The International Debt Crisis," Chapters, in: Jonathan Michie (ed.), The Handbook of Globalisation, Second Edition, chapter 6, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    15. Damiano Sandri, 2018. "Dealing with Systemic Sovereign Debt Crises: Fiscal Consolidation, Bail-Ins, or Bail-Outs?," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 66(4), pages 665-693, December.
    16. Robert Lensink & Oliver Morrissey, 2000. "Aid instability as a measure of uncertainty and the positive impact of aid on growth," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(3), pages 31-49.
    17. Fafchamps, Marcel, 1996. "Sovereign debt, structural adjustment, and conditionality," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 313-335, August.
    18. Adewale Hassan & Daniel Meyer, 2021. "Exploring the Channels of Transmission between External Debt and Economic Growth: Evidence from Sub-Saharan African Countries," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-16, April.
    19. Stephen Easton & Duane Rockerbie, 1999. "Does IMF conditionality benefit lenders?," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 135(2), pages 347-357, June.

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