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A Protocol for Factor Identification

Author

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  • Kuntara Pukthuanthong
  • Richard Roll
  • Avanidhar Subrahmanyam

Abstract

We propose a protocol for identifying genuine risk factors. A genuine risk factor must be related to the covariance matrix of returns, must be priced in the cross-section of returns, and should yield a reward-to-risk ratio that is reasonable enough to be consistent with risk pricing. A market factor, a profitability factor, and traded versions of macroeconomic factors pass our protocol, but many characteristic-based factors do not. Several of the underlying characteristics, however, do command premiums in the cross-section.Received July 20, 2017; editorial decision June 9, 2018 by Editor Andrew Karolyi. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

Suggested Citation

  • Kuntara Pukthuanthong & Richard Roll & Avanidhar Subrahmanyam, 2019. "A Protocol for Factor Identification," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(4), pages 1573-1607.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:32:y:2019:i:4:p:1573-1607.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rfs/hhy093
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    Cited by:

    1. Ahmed, Shamim & Bu, Ziwen & Symeonidis, Lazaros & Tsvetanov, Daniel, 2023. "Which factor model? A systematic return covariation perspective," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    2. Hoang, Khoa & Huang, Ronghong & Truong, Helen, 2023. "Resurrecting the market factor: A case of data mining across international markets," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    3. Chaieb, Ines & Langlois, Hugues & Scaillet, Olivier, 2021. "Factors and risk premia in individual international stock returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(2), pages 669-692.
    4. Nguyen, Duc Khuong & Topaloglou, Nikolas & Walther, Thomas, 2020. "Asset Classes and Portfolio Diversification: Evidence from a Stochastic Spanning Approach," MPRA Paper 103870, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Qiao, Zhuo & Wang, Yan & Lam, Keith S.K., 2022. "New evidence on Bayesian tests of global factor pricing models," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 160-172.
    6. Harvey, Campbell R. & Liu, Yan, 2021. "Lucky factors," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(2), pages 413-435.
    7. Söhnke M. Bartram & Harald Lohre & Peter F. Pope & Ananthalakshmi Ranganathan, 2021. "Navigating the factor zoo around the world: an institutional investor perspective," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 91(5), pages 655-703, July.
    8. Kristoffer Pons Bertelsen, 2022. "The Prior Adaptive Group Lasso and the Factor Zoo," CREATES Research Papers 2022-05, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University.
    9. Tristan Jourde, 2022. "The rising interconnectedness of the insurance sector," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 89(2), pages 397-425, June.
    10. Marie-Claude Beaulieu & Jean-Marie Dufour & Lynda Khalaf, 2020. "Arbitrage Pricing, Weak Beta, Strong Beta: Identification-Robust and Simultaneous Inference," CIRANO Working Papers 2020s-30, CIRANO.
    11. Thuy Duong Dang & Fabian Hollstein & Marcel Prokopczuk & Zhiguo He, 2023. "Which Factors for Corporate Bond Returns?," The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 13(4), pages 615-652.
    12. Emawtee Bissoondoyal‐Bheenick & Robert Brooks & Hung Xuan Do, 2023. "Risk Analysis of Pension Fund Investment Choices," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 59(3), pages 872-898, September.
    13. Hubert Dichtl & Wolfgang Drobetz & Viktoria‐Sophie Wendt, 2021. "How to build a factor portfolio: Does the allocation strategy matter?," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 27(1), pages 20-58, January.
    14. Sakkas, Athanasios & Urquhart, Andrew, 2024. "Blockchain factors," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    15. Tristan Jourde, 2022. "The Rising Interconnectedness of the Insurance Sector," Working papers 857, Banque de France.
    16. Hyuksoo Kim & Saejoon Kim, 2024. "Estimating Asset Pricing Models in the Presence of Cross-Sectionally Correlated Pricing Errors," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-21, November.

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