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American Shoemakers, 1648–1895 A Sketch of Industrial Evolution

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  • John R. Commons

Abstract

Industrial stages illustrated by the shoemakers, 39. — I. The Company of Shoomakers, 1648 (Boston). Itinerant cobbler and craft gild, 40. — II. The Society of Master Cordwainers, 1789, and the Federal Society of Journeymen Cordwainers, 1794 (Philadelphia). Retailshop and wholesale-order stages, 45. — III. The United Beneficial Society of Journeymen Cordwainers, 1835 (Philadelphia). Wholesale-speculative stage, 59. Economic causes of class organization; the bargain, 65; the period of investment, 67; the level of the competitive menace, 68; protective organizations, 69. — IV. Knights of St. Crispin, 1868, 72. The factory system, 73. — V. Industrial Evolution in Europe and America. Organization and legislation for protection, 76.

Suggested Citation

  • John R. Commons, 1909. "American Shoemakers, 1648–1895 A Sketch of Industrial Evolution," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 24(1), pages 39-84.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:qjecon:v:24:y:1909:i:1:p:39-84.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2307/1886057
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    2. Maarten Keune & Paul Marginson, 2013. "Across Boundaries: The Global Challenges Facing Workers and Employment Research 50th Anniversary Special Issue," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 51(3), pages 473-497, September.
    3. Howard F. Gospel, 1992. "The Single European Market and Industrial Relations: An Introduction," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 30(4), pages 483-494, December.
    4. Virginia Doellgast & Matthew Bidwell & Alexander J. S. Colvin, 2021. "New Directions in Employment Relations Theory: Understanding Fragmentation, Identity, and Legitimacy," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 74(3), pages 555-579, May.
    5. Raoul Gebert, 2023. "“Can You Complete Your Delivery?” Comparing Canadian and European Union Legal Statuses of Platform Workers," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 11(3), pages 276-288.
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    7. Muriel Périsse & Clément Séhier, 2019. "Analysing wages and labour institutions in China: An unfinished transition," The Economic and Labour Relations Review, , vol. 30(3), pages 400-421, September.
    8. Chang-Hee Lee & William Brown & Xiaoyi Wen, 2016. "What Sort of Collective Bargaining Is Emerging in China?," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 54(1), pages 214-236, March.
    9. Christine A. Riordan & Alexander M. Kowalski, 2021. "From Bread and Roses to #MeToo: Multiplicity, Distance, and the Changing Dynamics of Conflict in IR Theory," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 74(3), pages 580-606, May.
    10. Charles J. Whalen, 2013. "Post-Keynesian Institutionalism after the Great Recession," European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, Edward Elgar Publishing, vol. 10(1), pages 12-27.
    11. Glen Atkinson & Charles J. Whalen, 2011. "Futurity: cornerstone of Post Keynsian institutionalism," Chapters, in: Charles J. Whalen (ed.), Financial Instability and Economic Security after the Great Recession, chapter 3, pages 53-74, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    12. Charles Whalen, 2008. "Toward ‘Wisely Managed’ Capitalism: Post-Keynesian Institutionalism and the Creative State," Forum for Social Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(1), pages 43-60, January.

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