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Implicit Self-Referencing: The Effect of Nonvolitional Self-Association on Brand and Product Attitude

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  • Andrew W. Perkins
  • Mark R. Forehand

Abstract

In three experiments, nonvolitional self-association is shown to improve implicit attitude, self-reported attitude, purchase intention, and product choice for both product categories and fictional brands. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrate that arbitrary categorization of self-related content with novel stimuli improved evaluations by creating new self-object associations in memory and that the influence of self-association is moderated by implicit self-esteem. Experiment 3 shows that such implicit self-referencing does not require conscious self-categorization and occurs even when novel stimuli are simply presented in close proximity to self-related content. In this final experiment, subjects responded more positively to brands featured in banner ads on a personal social networking webpage than when featured on an equivalent nonpersonal social networking page. This automatic self-association effect was mediated by the degree to which the advertising prompted an implicit association between the self and the advertised brands.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrew W. Perkins & Mark R. Forehand, 2012. "Implicit Self-Referencing: The Effect of Nonvolitional Self-Association on Brand and Product Attitude," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 39(1), pages 142-156.
  • Handle: RePEc:oup:jconrs:doi:10.1086/662069
    DOI: 10.1086/662069
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    Cited by:

    1. Buckley, Peter J. & Cross, Adam & De Mattos, Claudio, 2015. "The principle of congruity in the analysis of international business cooperation," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 24(6), pages 1048-1060.
    2. Fennis, Bob M. & Wiebenga, Jacob H., 2017. "Me, myself, and Ikea: Qualifying generic self-referencing effects in brand judgment," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 69-79.
    3. De Hooge, Ilona E. & Straeter, Laura M., 2023. "Don't tell me you are sorry with a gift: The negative consequences of apology gifts," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    4. Defeng Yang & Xi Lei & Liang Hu & Yu Sun & Xiaodan Yang, 2023. "Brand stigmatization: how do new brand users influence original brand users?," Journal of Brand Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 30(1), pages 77-94, January.
    5. Khan, Hina & Daryanto, Ahmad & Liu, Chihling, 2019. "How anticipated regret influences the effect of economic animosity on consumers’ reactions towards a foreign product," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 28(2), pages 405-414.
    6. Razzaq, Ali & Shao, Wei & Quach, Sara, 2024. "Meme marketing effectiveness: A moderated-mediation model," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    7. Bellman, Steven & Murphy, Jamie & Treleaven-Hassard, Shiree & O'Farrell, James & Qiu, Lili & Varan, Duane, 2013. "Using Internet Behavior to Deliver Relevant Television Commercials," Journal of Interactive Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 130-140.
    8. Richetin, Juliette & Mattavelli, Simone & Perugini, Marco, 2016. "Increasing implicit and explicit attitudes toward an organic food brand by referencing to oneself," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 96-108.
    9. Mattavelli, Simone & Perugini, Marco & Richetin, Juliette, 2015. "When the Brand Refers to Me, I Prefer Going Green," 143rd Joint EAAE/AAEA Seminar, March 25-27, 2015, Naples, Italy 202709, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    10. Reed, Americus & Forehand, Mark R. & Puntoni, Stefano & Warlop, Luk, 2012. "Identity-based consumer behavior," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 310-321.
    11. Luo, Yingyu & Zhou, Li & Huang, Jing & Wang, Xiaoxin & Sun, Rui & Zhu, Guowei, 2023. "Platform perspective verse user perspective: The role of expression perspective in privacy disclosure," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    12. Kun Zhou & Jun Ye & Xiao-xiao Liu, 2023. "Is cash perceived as more valuable than digital money? The mediating effect of psychological ownership and psychological distance," Marketing Letters, Springer, vol. 34(1), pages 55-68, March.

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