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How venture capital became a component of the US National System of Innovation

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  • Martin Kenney

Abstract

Venture capital (VC) is a relatively recent addition to the US national system of innovation (NSI). Tracing the history of the VC industry in the US provides an interesting example of how NSIs can add new institutions, and in the process be transformed. The history encompasses important exogenous events, endogenous developments, and actions by individual actors. The story of the development of VC is set in the technological trajectories where it has experienced its greatest success, the information, communications, and biomedical industries. The emergence of VC is intimately related to various government actions, and yet the paper does not attribute a deus ex machina role to government actors. While NSI theory provides the framework, it is also recognized that VC is geographically localized in a few regions, and a regional innovation system perspective is also valuable. Copyright 2011 The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Associazione ICC. All rights reserved., Oxford University Press.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Kenney, 2011. "How venture capital became a component of the US National System of Innovation," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 20(6), pages 1677-1723, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:indcch:v:20:y:2011:i:6:p:1677-1723
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/icc/dtr061
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    Cited by:

    1. Jeremy Greenwood & Pengfei Han & Juan M. Sánchez, 2022. "Financing Ventures," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 63(3), pages 1021-1053, August.
    2. Shuanglian Chen & Zhehao Huang & Benjamin M. Drakeford & Pierre Failler, 2019. "Lending Interest Rate, Loaning Scale, and Government Subsidy Scale in Green Innovation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-22, November.
    3. Maryann Feldman & Frederick Guy & Simona Iammarino, 2021. "Regional income disparities, monopoly and finance," Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 14(1), pages 25-49.
    4. Becsky-Nagy, Patrícia & Fazekas, Balázs, 2017. "Résen van-e az állam?. Az állami szerepvállalás hatása a kockázati tőke keresleti oldalára [Is the state on the ball?. The effect of the state s role on the demand side of venture capital]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(5), pages 507-527.
    5. Rothstein, Sidney A., 2019. "Innovation and precarity: Workplace discourse in twenty-first century capitalism," MPIfG Discussion Paper 19/8, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
    6. F.C. Stam & Ben Spigel, 2016. "Entrepreneurial Ecosystems," Working Papers 16-13, Utrecht School of Economics.
    7. Garry Bruton & David Ahlstrom & Steven Si, 2015. "Entrepreneurship, poverty, and Asia: Moving beyond subsistence entrepreneurship," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 32(1), pages 1-22, March.
    8. Carolin Ioramashvili & Maryann Feldman & Frederick Guy & Simona Iammarino, 2024. "Gathering round Big Tech: How the market for acquisitions concentrates the digital sector," Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 17(2), pages 293-306.
    9. Huang, Zhehao & Liao, Gaoke & Li, Zhenghui, 2019. "Loaning scale and government subsidy for promoting green innovation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 148-156.
    10. Arqué-Castells, Pere, 2012. "How venture capitalists spur invention in Spain: Evidence from patent trajectories," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(5), pages 897-912.
    11. Yoshiki Ando, 2024. "Dynamics of High-Growth Young Firms and the Role of Venture Capitalists," PIER Working Paper Archive 24-012, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania.
    12. Kenney, Martin & Patton, Donald, 2015. "Gender, ethnicity and entrepreneurship in initial public offerings: illustrations from an open database," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(9), pages 1773-1784.
    13. Feldman, Maryann & Guy, Frederick & Iammarino, Simona & Ioramashvili, Carolin, 2021. "Gathering round Big Tech: how the market for acquisitions reinforces regional inequalities in the US," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 110718, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    14. Rothstein, Sidney A., 2020. "Toward a discursive approach to growth models: Social blocs in the politics of digital transformation," MPIfG Discussion Paper 20/8, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
    15. Proksch, Dorian & Haberstroh, Marcus Max & Pinkwart, Andreas, 2017. "Increasing the national innovative capacity: Identifying the pathways to success using a comparative method," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 256-270.
    16. Murray, Gordon, 2020. "Ten Meditations on (Public) Venture Capital – Revisited," MPRA Paper 104389, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Liang, Jiaochen & Goetz, Stephan J., 2018. "Technology intensity and agglomeration economies," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(10), pages 1990-1995.
    18. Shuanglian Chen & Gaoke Liao & Benjamin M. Drakeford & Pierre Failler, 2019. "The Non-Linear Effect of Financial Support on Energy Efficiency: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-16, April.

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