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Intergenerational Social Mobility and Allostatic Load in Midlife and Older Ages: A Diagonal Reference Modeling Approach

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  • Sinéad McLoughlin
  • Patrick Präg
  • Mel Bartley
  • Rose Anne Kenny
  • Cathal McCrory
  • Jessica Kelley

Abstract

ObjectivesThis study aims to understand the association of life-course intergenerational social mobility with allostatic load (AL) burden in midlife and older ages in Ireland.MethodsThe study involved biological data for 3,987 older adults participating in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Intergenerational social mobility was characterized using the cross-classification of origin socioeconomic position (SEP; i.e., father’s occupation) and destination SEP (i.e., own occupation). AL was operationalized using 12 biomarkers tapping cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, and immune system dysregulation. Diagonal reference modeling (DRM) and ordinary least square regression techniques were applied to explore the effect of social mobility on AL burden.ResultsA total of 55.5% experienced intergenerational mobility: 37.5% were upwardly mobile, 18.0% were downwardly mobile. A social gradient in AL was observed among the socially non-mobile. Destination SEP (b = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.57, 0.92) predominated in influence over origin, although both life stages exerted significant influence on later-life AL. Social mobility in either direction was not associated with AL burden. Mobility coefficients were substantially small across a large variety of model specifications.DiscussionFindings provide evidence for an accumulation model of social inequalities in which disparities in health are diluted rather than increased by social mobility (i.e., gradient constraint), with the socially mobile having an AL score that is intermediate between their origin class and destination class. This implies that the effects of origin SEP on health are not immutable, but are instead responsive to changing socioeconomic circumstances across the life course.

Suggested Citation

  • Sinéad McLoughlin & Patrick Präg & Mel Bartley & Rose Anne Kenny & Cathal McCrory & Jessica Kelley, 2023. "Intergenerational Social Mobility and Allostatic Load in Midlife and Older Ages: A Diagonal Reference Modeling Approach," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 78(1), pages 154-166.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:geronb:v:78:y:2023:i:1:p:154-166.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/geronb/gbac122
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ye Luo & Linda J. Waite, 2005. "The Impact of Childhood and Adult SES on Physical, Mental, and Cognitive Well-Being in Later Life," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 60(2), pages 93-101.
    2. Cormac Ó Gráda & Kevin Hjortshøj O'Rourke, 2022. "The Irish economy during the century after partition," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 75(2), pages 336-370, May.
    3. Steiber, Nadia, 2019. "Intergenerational educational mobility and health satisfaction across the life course: Does the long arm of childhood conditions only become visible later in life?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    4. Whelan, Christopher T. & Layte, Richard, 2004. "Economic Change, Social Mobility and Meritocracy: Reflections on the Irish Experience," Quarterly Economic Commentary: Special Articles, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), vol. 2004(3-Autumn), pages 1-20.
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    1. Coustaury, Camille & Jeannot, Elias & Moreau, Adele & Nietge, Clotilde & Maharani, Asri & Richards, Lindsay & Präg, Patrick, 2023. "Subjective socioeconomic status and self-rated health in the English Longitudinal Study of Aging: A fixed-effects analysis☆☆We thank the anonymous reviewers of Social Science & Medicine for their help," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).

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