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Older Adults in the United States Have Worse Cardiometabolic Health Compared to England

Author

Listed:
  • Benedetta Pongiglione
  • George B Ploubidis
  • Jennifer B Dowd

Abstract

Explanations for lagging life expectancy in the United States compared to other high-income countries have focused largely on “deaths of despair,” but attention has also shifted to the role of stalling improvements in cardiovascular disease and the obesity epidemic. Using harmonized data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study and English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we assess differences in self-reported and objective measures of health, among older adults in the United States and England and explore whether the differences in body mass index (BMI) documented between the United States and England explain the U.S. disadvantage. Older adults in the United States have a much higher prevalence of diabetes, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high inflammation (C-reactive protein) compared to English adults. While the distribution of BMI is shifted to the right in the United States with more people falling into extreme obesity categories, these differences do not explain the cross-country differences in measured biological risk. We conclude by considering how country differences in health may have affected the burden of coronavirus disease 2019 mortality in both countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Benedetta Pongiglione & George B Ploubidis & Jennifer B Dowd, 2022. "Older Adults in the United States Have Worse Cardiometabolic Health Compared to England," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 77(Supplemen), pages 167-176.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:geronb:v:77:y:2022:i:supplement_2:p:s167-s176.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/geronb/gbac023
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ryan K Masters & Steven H Woolf & Laudan Y Aron, 2022. "Age-Specific Mortality During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic and Life Expectancy Changes in the United States and Peer Countries, 1980–2020," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 77(Supplemen), pages 127-137.
    2. Melissa L Martinson & Jessica Lapham & Hazal Ercin-Swearinger & Julien O Teitler & Nancy E Reichman, 2022. "Generational Shifts in Young Adult Cardiovascular Health? Millennials and Generation X in the United States and England," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 77(Supplemen), pages 177-188.
    3. Steven E. Kahn & Rebecca L. Hull & Kristina M. Utzschneider, 2006. "Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes," Nature, Nature, vol. 444(7121), pages 840-846, December.
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