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Correlates of Elevated C-Reactive Protein Among Black Older Adults: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study
[Racial discrimination, the superwoman schema, and allostatic load: Exploring an integrative stress–coping model among African American women]

Author

Listed:
  • Heather R Farmer
  • Courtney S Thomas Tobin
  • Roland J Thorpe
  • Lynn Martire

Abstract

ObjectivesSubstantial evidence documents gender and racial disparities in C-reactive protein (CRP), a measure of systemic inflammation, among older adults. Yet, the comparative approaches of these studies may obscure distinct risk and protective factors associated with elevated CRP among older Black Americans. To pinpoint opportunities for intervention, this study utilizes a “within-group approach” to identify the sociodemographic, psychosocial, behavioral, and health-related correlates of elevated CRP among older Black women and men.MethodThe sample consisted of 2,420 Black respondents aged 51 and older in the Health and Retirement Study (2006–2016). Gender-stratified, random effects logistic regression models were used to examine correlates of elevated CRP (>3.0 mg/L).ResultsMore than 50% of Black women had elevated CRP, and younger age, Medicaid, lower mastery, religiosity, overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, and activities of daily living (ADLs) contributed to elevated CRP among this group. In contrast, elevated CRP was reported among only 37.25% of Black men, for whom financial distress was associated with lower odds of elevated CRP; religiosity, less neighborhood cohesion, current smoking, overweight/obesity, ADLs, and more chronic conditions were associated with greater odds of elevated CRP among this group.DiscussionSociodemographic factors had a limited association with elevated CRP among older Black Americans. Rather, a range of psychosocial, behavioral, and health-related factors were more influential determinants of elevated CRP among older Black Americans. Most notably, findings demonstrate distinct correlates of CRP among Black women and men, underscoring the critical need to further evaluate the risk and protective mechanisms undergirding disparities among this aging population.

Suggested Citation

  • Heather R Farmer & Courtney S Thomas Tobin & Roland J Thorpe & Lynn Martire, 2022. "Correlates of Elevated C-Reactive Protein Among Black Older Adults: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study [Racial discrimination, the superwoman schema, and allostatic load: Exploring an in," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 77(11), pages 1964-1977.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:geronb:v:77:y:2022:i:11:p:1964-1977.
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kathleen A. Cagney & Thomas A. Glass & Kimberly A. Skarupski & Lisa L. Barnes & Brian S. Schwartz & Carlos F. Mendes de Leon, 2009. "Neighborhood-Level Cohesion and Disorder: Measurement and Validation in Two Older Adult Urban Populations," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 64(3), pages 415-424.
    2. Bowleg, L., 2012. "The problem with the phrase women and minorities: Intersectionality-an important theoretical framework for public health," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(7), pages 1267-1273.
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