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Intersectional Discrimination Is Associated with Housing Instability among Trans Women Living in the San Francisco Bay Area

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  • Theo Beltran

    (School of Public Health Division of Community Health Sciences and Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
    San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA)

  • Amani M. Allen

    (School of Public Health Division of Community Health Sciences and Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

  • Jess Lin

    (San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA)

  • Caitlin Turner

    (San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA)

  • Emily J. Ozer

    (School of Public Health Division of Community Health Sciences and Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

  • Erin C. Wilson

    (San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA)

Abstract

Trans women face numerous structural barriers to health due to discrimination. Housing instability is an important structural determinant of poor health outcomes among trans women. The purpose of this study was to determine if experiences of intersectional anti-trans and racial discrimination are associated with poor housing outcomes among trans women in the San Francisco Bay Area. A secondary analysis of baseline data from the Trans *National study ( n = 629) at the San Francisco Department of Public Health (2016–2018) was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association between discrimination as an ordered categorical variable (zero, one to two, or three or more experiences) and housing status adjusting for age, years lived in the Bay Area, and gender identity. We found that the odds of housing instability increased by 1.25 for every categorical unit increase (1–2, or 3+) in reported experiences of intersectional (both anti-trans and racial) discrimination for trans women (95% CI = 1.01–1.54, p -value < 0.05). Intersectional anti-trans and racial discrimination is associated with increased housing instability among trans women, giving some insight that policies and programs are needed to identify and address racism and anti-trans stigma towards trans women. Efforts to address intersectional discrimination may positively impact housing stability, with potential for ancillary effects on increasing the health and wellness of trans women who face multiple disparities.

Suggested Citation

  • Theo Beltran & Amani M. Allen & Jess Lin & Caitlin Turner & Emily J. Ozer & Erin C. Wilson, 2019. "Intersectional Discrimination Is Associated with Housing Instability among Trans Women Living in the San Francisco Bay Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-11, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:22:p:4521-:d:287416
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Carmen H Logie & Jesse I R Jenkinson & Valerie Earnshaw & Wangari Tharao & Mona R Loutfy, 2016. "A Structural Equation Model of HIV-Related Stigma, Racial Discrimination, Housing Insecurity and Wellbeing among African and Caribbean Black Women Living with HIV in Ontario, Canada," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(9), pages 1-20, September.
    4. Wilson, E.C. & Chen, Y.-H. & Arayasirikul, S. & Fisher, M. & Pomart, W.A. & Le, V. & Raymond, H.F. & McFarland, W., 2015. "Differential HIV risk for racial/ethnic minority trans∗female youths and socioeconomic disparities in housing, residential stability, and education," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 105, pages 41-47.
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    2. Brodie Fraser & Elinor Chisholm & Nevil Pierse, 2021. "“You’re so powerless”: Takatāpui/LGBTIQ+ people’s experiences before becoming homeless in Aotearoa New Zealand," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(12), pages 1-23, December.

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