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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Chronic Stress among Male Caregivers

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  • Christine Unson

    (Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, Southern Connecticut State University, 493 Fitch Street, New Haven, CT 06515, USA)

  • Anuli Njoku

    (Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, Southern Connecticut State University, 493 Fitch Street, New Haven, CT 06515, USA)

  • Stanley Bernard

    (Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, Southern Connecticut State University, 493 Fitch Street, New Haven, CT 06515, USA)

  • Martin Agbalenyo

    (Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, Southern Connecticut State University, 493 Fitch Street, New Haven, CT 06515, USA)

Abstract

Whereas research on caregiving is well documented, less is known about gender inequalities in caregiver stress, coping mechanisms, and health outcomes, all of which may vary by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. This scoping review investigated racial and ethnic disparities using the Stress Process Model among male caregivers. Several databases were searched including Academic Search Premier, Medline Complete, APA PsycInfo, CINHAL, Google, ProQuest, and Web of Science. Included were peer-reviewed articles in English, published from 1990 to 2022. A total of nine articles fulfilled inclusion criteria. Most of the articles indicated that compared to White male caregivers, African American male caregivers provided more hours of care, assisted with more activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), and experienced more financial stress. In terms of coping style, one study found African American male caregivers, compared to White male caregivers, held negative religious beliefs. Another study showed that they were at a higher risk for stroke than their White counterparts. The search revealed a dearth of studies on racial disparities in stress, coping, and health outcomes among male caregivers. Further research is needed on the experiences and perspectives of male minority caregivers.

Suggested Citation

  • Christine Unson & Anuli Njoku & Stanley Bernard & Martin Agbalenyo, 2023. "Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Chronic Stress among Male Caregivers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(12), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:12:p:6188-:d:1175243
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Peggye Dilworth-Anderson & Beverly H. Brummett & Paula Goodwin & Sharon Wallace Williams & Redford B. Williams & Ilene C. Siegler, 2005. "Effect of Race on Cultural Justifications for Caregiving," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 60(5), pages 257-262.
    2. Jiaming Liang & María P Aranda & Yuri Jang & Kathleen Wilber & Iris Chi & Shinyi Wu, 2022. "The Effect of Support From Secondary Caregiver Network on Primary Caregiver Burden: Do Men and Women, Blacks and Whites Differ? [Primary caregiver characteristics and transitions in community-based," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 77(10), pages 1947-1958.
    3. Chih-Cheng Chang & Yu-Min Chen & Tai-Ling Liu & Ray C. Hsiao & Wen-Jiun Chou & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2020. "Affiliate Stigma and Related Factors in Family Caregivers of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-14, January.
    4. Bowleg, L., 2012. "The problem with the phrase women and minorities: Intersectionality-an important theoretical framework for public health," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(7), pages 1267-1273.
    5. Martin Pinquart & Silvia Sörensen, 2006. "Gender Differences in Caregiver Stressors, Social Resources, and Health: An Updated Meta-Analysis," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 61(1), pages 33-45.
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