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Multimorbidity and the Transition Out of Full-Time Paid Employment: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Health and Retirement Study

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  • Sander K R van Zon
  • Sijmen A Reijneveld
  • Anne Galaurchi
  • Carlos F Mendes de Leon
  • Josué Almansa
  • Ute Bültmann
  • Deborah Carr

Abstract

ObjectivesThis study aims to examine whether older workers aged 50–64 years with multimorbidity are at increased risk to transition from full-time paid employment to part-time employment, partial retirement, unemployment, disability, economic inactivity, full retirement or die than workers without a chronic health condition and workers with one chronic health condition, and whether socioeconomic position (SEP) modifies these transitions.MethodUsing data from the Health and Retirement Study (1992–2014; n = 10,719), sub-distribution hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated with a time-varying Fine and Gray competing-risks survival regression model to examine exit from full-time paid employment. We investigated the modifying effect of SEP by examining its interaction with multimorbidity.ResultsWorkers with multimorbidity had a higher risk of transitioning to partial retirement (1.45; 1.22, 1.72), disability (1.84; 1.21, 2.78) and full retirement (1.63; 1.47, 1.81), and they had a higher mortality risk (2.58; 1.71, 3.88) than workers without chronic disorders. Compared to workers with one chronic health condition, workers with multimorbidity had an increased risk for partial (1.19; 1.02, 1.40) and full retirement (1.29; 1.17, 1.42), and mortality (1.49; 1.09, 2.04). Only SEP measured as educational level modified the relationship between multimorbidity and mortality.DiscussionWorkers with multimorbidity seem more prone to leave full-time paid employment than workers without or with one a chronic health condition. Personalized work accommodations may be necessary to help workers with multimorbidity prolong their working life.

Suggested Citation

  • Sander K R van Zon & Sijmen A Reijneveld & Anne Galaurchi & Carlos F Mendes de Leon & Josué Almansa & Ute Bültmann & Deborah Carr, 2020. "Multimorbidity and the Transition Out of Full-Time Paid Employment: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Health and Retirement Study," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 75(3), pages 705-715.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:geronb:v:75:y:2020:i:3:p:705-715.
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bowling, Ann, 1995. "What things are important in people's lives? A survey of the public's judgements to inform scales of health related quality of life," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 41(10), pages 1447-1462, November.
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    1. Anastasia A. Lam & Katherine Keenan & Hill Kulu & Mikko Myrskylä, 2024. "Working longer despite poorer health? Inequalities in working and health expectancies at older ages in South Korea," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2024-022, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.

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