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Cognitive Function in Low-Income and Low-Literacy Settings: Validation of the Tablet-Based Oxford Cognitive Screen in the Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (HAALSI)

Author

Listed:
  • Glyn W. Humphreys
  • Mihaela D. Duta
  • Livia Montana
  • Nele Demeyere
  • Cathal McCrory
  • Julia Rohr
  • Kathleen Kahn
  • Stephen Tollman
  • Lisa Berkman

Abstract

Objectives:1. Assess validity of the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS-Plus), a domain-specific cognitive assessment designed for low-literacy settings, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC); 2. Advance theoretical contributions in cognitive neuroscience in domain-specific cognitive function and cognitive reserve, especially related to dementia.Method:In a cross-sectional study of a sample of 1,402 men and women aged 40–79 in the Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (HAALSI), we administered OCS-Plus along with health and sociodemographic assessments. HAALSI is a representative sample of older adults in Agincourt, South Africa contributing to normative understanding of cognition in LMIC. We report measure distributions, construct and external validity of the OCS-Plus.Results:OCS-Plus has excellent construct and external validity. Intra-class correlations between similar basic measures of orientation in OCS-Plus and in HAALSI assessments was 0.79, and groups of people performing well on the OCS-Plus verbal memory also showed superior performance on HAALSI verbal memory. The OCS-Plus scores showed consistent associations with age and education and domain-specific associations with alcohol and depression. Younger respondents and the more educated did better on all assessments.Discussion:The OCS-Plus represents a major methodological advance in dementia studies in LMICs, and enhances understanding of cognitive aging.

Suggested Citation

  • Glyn W. Humphreys & Mihaela D. Duta & Livia Montana & Nele Demeyere & Cathal McCrory & Julia Rohr & Kathleen Kahn & Stephen Tollman & Lisa Berkman, 2017. "Cognitive Function in Low-Income and Low-Literacy Settings: Validation of the Tablet-Based Oxford Cognitive Screen in the Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in So," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 72(1), pages 38-50.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:geronb:v:72:y:2017:i:1:p:38-50.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/geronb/gbw139
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Deon Filmer & Lant Pritchett, 2001. "Estimating Wealth Effects Without Expenditure Data—Or Tears: An Application To Educational Enrollments In States Of India," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 38(1), pages 115-132, February.
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    3. Strauss, John & Lei, Xiaoyan & Park, Albert & Shen, Yan & Smith, James P. & Yang, Zhe & Zhao, Yaohui, 2010. "Health Outcomes and Socio-Economic Status among the Elderly in China: Evidence from the CHARLS Pilot," IZA Discussion Papers 5152, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Stéphanie Sylvain-Roy & Ovidiu Lungu & Sylvie Belleville, 2015. "Normal Aging of the Attentional Control Functions That Underlie Working Memory," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 70(5), pages 698-708.
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    1. Kobayashi, Lindsay C. & Glymour, M. Maria & Kahn, Kathleen & Payne, Collin F. & Wagner, Ryan G. & Montana, Livia & Mateen, Farrah J. & Tollman, Stephen M. & Berkman, Lisa F., 2017. "Childhood deprivation and later-life cognitive function in a population-based study of older rural South Africans," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 20-28.

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