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Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Factors Predict 5-Year Changes in Adiposity among a Group of Black South African Adults

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  • Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau

    (Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Olusola F. Sotunde

    (Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
    School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montréal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Patricia O. Ukegbu

    (Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
    Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike PMB 7267, Abia State, Nigeria)

  • P. Hermanus Myburgh

    (Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa)

  • Hattie H. Wright

    (Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
    School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QSD 4558, Australia)

  • Lize Havemann-Nel

    (Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa)

  • Sarah J. Moss

    (Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa)

  • Iolanthé M. Kruger

    (Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa)

  • H. Salomé Kruger

    (Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
    Medical Research Council Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease Research Unit, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa)

Abstract

The rising prevalence of obesity and excessive adiposity are global public health concerns. Understanding determinants of changes in adiposity over time is critical for informing effective evidence-based prevention or treatment. However, limited information is available to achieve this objective. Cultural, demographic, environmental, and behavioral factors including socio-economic status (SES) likely account for obesity development. To this end, we related these variables to anthropometric measures in 1058 black adult Tswana-speaking South Africans who were HIV negative in a prospective study over five years. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference increased in both sexes, whereas triceps skinfold thickness remained the same. Over the five years, women moved to higher BMI categories and more were diagnosed with central obesity. Age correlated negatively, whereas SES, physical activity, energy, and fat intake correlated positively with adiposity markers in women. In men, SES, marital status, physical activity, and being urban predicted increases in adiposity. For women, SES and urbanicity increased, whereas menopause and smoking decreased adiposity. Among men, smokers had less change in BMI than those that never smoked over five years. Our findings suggest that interventions, focusing on the urban living, the married and those with the highest SES—the high-risk groups identified herein—are of primary importance to contain morbidity and premature mortality due to obesity in black South Africans.

Suggested Citation

  • Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau & Olusola F. Sotunde & Patricia O. Ukegbu & P. Hermanus Myburgh & Hattie H. Wright & Lize Havemann-Nel & Sarah J. Moss & Iolanthé M. Kruger & H. Salomé Kruger, 2017. "Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Factors Predict 5-Year Changes in Adiposity among a Group of Black South African Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:9:p:1089-:d:112603
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Emmanuel Cohen & Norbert Amougou & Amandine Ponty & Margaux Guerrien & Wakilongo Wakenge & Glory Chidumwa & Rihlat Said-Mohamed & Léopold K. Fezeu & Patrick Pasquet, 2022. "Direct and Indirect Determinants of Body Mass Index in Both Major Ethnic Groups Experiencing the Nutritional Transition in Cameroon," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-17, May.
    2. Pieter H. Myburgh & G. Wayne Towers & Iolanthé M. Kruger & Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau, 2018. "CRP Genotypes Predict Increased Risk to Co-Present with Low Vitamin D and Elevated CRP in a Group of Healthy Black South African Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, January.
    3. Kamila Kholmatova & Alexandra Krettek & David A. Leon & Sofia Malyutina & Sarah Cook & Laila A. Hopstock & Ola Løvsletten & Alexander V. Kudryavtsev, 2022. "Obesity Prevalence and Associated Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Health Behaviors in Russia and Norway," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-21, August.
    4. Zandile June-Rose Mchiza & Whadi-Ah Parker & Muhammad Zakir Hossin & Amy Heshmati & Demetre Labadarios & Daniel Falkstedt & Ilona Koupil, 2019. "Social and Psychological Predictors of Body Mass Index among South Africans 15 Years and Older: SANHANES-1," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-20, October.

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