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Costs and Returns of Education in Five Agricultural Areas of Eastern Brazil

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  • George F. Patrick
  • Earl W. Kehrberg

Abstract

This study tests the hypothesis that education has a major role in agricultural development by estimating costs and returns of schooling and extension in areas at various modernization levels. Public and private costs are estimated from secondary information and farm surveys. Value-added and auxiliary equations, estimated from farm-level data, are used to derive annual returns of education. Although based on weak statistical results, schooling returns are negative or low, but increase with modernization level. Extension returns are generally high for individuals, but cover social costs in only two geographic areas. This suggests education's role in development may be limited.

Suggested Citation

  • George F. Patrick & Earl W. Kehrberg, 1973. "Costs and Returns of Education in Five Agricultural Areas of Eastern Brazil," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 55(2), pages 145-153.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:ajagec:v:55:y:1973:i:2:p:145-153.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2307/1238431
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kinvi D.A. Logossah, 1994. "Capital humain et croissance économique : une revue de la littérature," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 116(5), pages 17-34.
    2. Irias, Luiz Jose Maria & Avila, Antonio Flavio Dias, 1987. "Returns to Investment in Training of Agricultural Researchers," 1987 Occasional Paper Series No. 4 197419, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    3. Kilugala Malimi, 2023. "Agricultural input subsidies, extension services, and farm labour productivity nexus: Evidence from maize farmers in Tanzania," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 74(3), pages 874-898, September.
    4. Ariel Dinar & Giannis Karagiannis & Vangelis Tzouvelekas, 2002. "Evaluating the Impact of Public and Private Agricultural Extension on Farms Performance: A Non-Neutral Stochastic Frontier Approach," Working Papers 0205, University of Crete, Department of Economics.
    5. Théopiste Butare, 1991. "Education et productivité dans les secteurs traditionnels : une analyse empirique," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 97(1), pages 35-48.

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