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Transmisja polityki pieniężnej poprzez kanał bilansowy banków. Przypadek Stanów Zjednoczonych

Author

Listed:
  • Marcin Czaplicki

    (Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie)

Abstract

Artykuł analizuje wpływ polityki pieniężnej na wrażliwość aktywów banków na ryzyko stopy procentowej na przykładzie amerykańskiego sektora bankowego. Badanie panelowe wykorzystujące uogólnioną metodę momentów, obejmujące kwartalne dane ze sprawozdań nadzorczych za okres od I kwartału 2009 do II kwartału 2023 r., pokazało, że zmiany stóp procentowych oddziałują negatywnie na udział długoterminowych (z terminem zapadalności lub kolejnym przeszacowaniem stopy procentowej przekraczającymi 3 lata) obligacji skarbowych bądź kredytów w odpowiednim portfelu (papierów skarbowych lub kredytów) oraz dodatnio na obligacje/pożyczki z niższym duration. Oznacza to, że w okresie stosowania luźnej polityki pieniężnej banki wydłużają termin zapadalności aktywów lub usztywniają ich oprocentowanie. W fazie zacieśniania polityki pieniężnej dzieje się odwrotnie. W rezultacie gdy stopy są niskie, ryzyko stopy procentowej portfela banków wzrasta. Do jego materializacji dochodzi, gdy rozpoczyna się cykl podwyżek, wpływając negatywnie na płynność banków i ich pozycję kapitałową oraz wzmacniając w ten sposób bankowy (bilansowy) kanał polityki pieniężnej. Badanie uzupełnia literaturę przedmiotu, zdominowaną przez analizę wpływu luźnej polityki pieniężnej na ryzyko kredytowe banków, o analizę oddziaływania pełnego cyklu polityki pieniężnej na ryzyko stopy procentowej.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcin Czaplicki, 2024. "Transmisja polityki pieniężnej poprzez kanał bilansowy banków. Przypadek Stanów Zjednoczonych," Bank i Kredyt, Narodowy Bank Polski, vol. 55(1), pages 21-54.
  • Handle: RePEc:nbp:nbpbik:v:55:y:2024:i:1:p:21-54
    Note: E51, E52, G21
    as

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    References listed on IDEAS

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