IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nbp/nbpbik/v53y2022i1p47-78.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The effects of IFRS 9 valuation model on cost of risk in commercial banks – the impact of COVID-19

Author

Listed:
  • Emil Ślązak

    (SGH Warsaw School of Economics)

  • Magdalena Skwarzec

    (SGH Warsaw School of Economics.)

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyse the variables determining the cost of risk in banks after the implementation of IFRS 9 with a particular focus on the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of the quality of credit portfolio. To achieve this we propose a panel research model with quarterly variables determining the cost of risk in commercial banks. The research data was taken from the domestic and European banking sector in 2018–2020 during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. We show that contrary to regulatory assumptions, procyclical tendencies with a cliff effect have not been eliminated in commercial banks under the IFRS 9 framework. In addition, we observe significant differences in the recognition of loan impairment in the domestic banks versus the EU ones under IFRS 9. However, we demonstrate that IFRS 9 did allow banks to recognise loan impairment reasonably fast in the most acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Suggested Citation

  • Emil Ślązak & Magdalena Skwarzec, 2022. "The effects of IFRS 9 valuation model on cost of risk in commercial banks – the impact of COVID-19," Bank i Kredyt, Narodowy Bank Polski, vol. 53(1), pages 47-78.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbp:nbpbik:v:53:y:2022:i:1:p:47-78
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://bankikredyt.nbp.pl/content/2022/01/bik_01_2022_02.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Laeven, Luc & Majnoni, Giovanni, 2003. "Loan loss provisioning and economic slowdowns: too much, too late?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 178-197, April.
    2. Harry Huizinga & Luc Laeven, 2019. "The Procyclicality of Banking: Evidence from the Euro Area," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 67(3), pages 496-527, September.
    3. Gabriel Jiménez & Jesús Saurina, 2006. "Credit Cycles, Credit Risk, and Prudential Regulation," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 2(2), May.
    4. Gaffney, Edward & McCann, Fergal, 2019. "The cyclicality in SICR: mortgage modelling under IFRS 9," ESRB Working Paper Series 92, European Systemic Risk Board.
    5. Claudio Borio & Craig Furfine & Philip Lowe, 2001. "Procyclicality of the financial system and financial stability: issues and policy options," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Marrying the macro- and micro-prudential dimensions of financial stability, volume 1, pages 1-57, Bank for International Settlements.
    6. Rene Johannes & Dedy Dedy & Abdullah Muksin, 2018. "The Preparation of Banking Industry in Implementing IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (A Case Study of HSBC Holdings Plc Listed on London Stock Exchange of Year 2015 2017)," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 8(6), pages 124-136.
    7. Ellen Gaston & Mr. In W Song, 2014. "Supervisory Roles in Loan Loss Provisioning in Countries Implementing IFRS," IMF Working Papers 2014/170, International Monetary Fund.
    8. Abad, Jorge & Suarez, Javier, 2017. "Assessing the cyclical implications of IFRS 9 – a recursive model," ESRB Occasional Paper Series 12, European Systemic Risk Board.
    9. Zbigniew Korzeb & Pawel Niedziolka, 2020. "Resistance of commercial banks to the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of Poland," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 15(2), pages 205-234, June.
    10. Beatty, Anne & Liao, Scott, 2011. "Do delays in expected loss recognition affect banks' willingness to lend?," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 1-20, June.
    11. Buesa, Alejandro & Población García, Francisco Javier & Tarancón, Javier, 2019. "Measuring the procyclicality of impairment accounting regimes: a comparison between IFRS 9 and US GAAP," Working Paper Series 2347, European Central Bank.
    12. Antonio Sánchez Serrano, 2018. "Financial stability consequences of the expected credit loss model in IFRS 9," Revista de Estabilidad Financiera, Banco de España, issue Primavera.
    13. Zbigniew Korzeb & Paweł Niedziółka, 2021. "Determinants of Differentiation of Cost of Risk (CoR) among Polish Banks during COVID-19 Pandemic," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-12, March.
    14. Robert M. Bushman & Christopher D. Williams, 2015. "Delayed Expected Loss Recognition and the Risk Profile of Banks," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(3), pages 511-553, June.
    15. Logan Ewanchuk & Christoph Frei, 2019. "Recent Regulation in Credit Risk Management: A Statistical Framework," Risks, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-19, April.
    16. Bholat, David & Lastra, Rosa & Markose, Sheri & Miglionico, Andrea & Sen, Kallol, 2016. "Non-performing loans: regulatory and accounting treatments of assets," Bank of England working papers 594, Bank of England.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Morais, Bernardo & Ormazabal, Gaizka & Peydro, J.L. & Roa, Monica & Sarmiento Paipilla, Miguel, 2020. "Forward Looking Loan Provisions : Credit Supply and Risk-Taking," Other publications TiSEM fe99a48f-f94a-41d8-bf3f-3, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    2. Buesa, Alejandro & Población García, Francisco Javier & Tarancón, Javier, 2019. "Measuring the procyclicality of impairment accounting regimes: a comparison between IFRS 9 and US GAAP," Working Paper Series 2347, European Central Bank.
    3. Germán López‐Espinosa & Gaizka Ormazabal & Yuki Sakasai, 2021. "Switching from Incurred to Expected Loan Loss Provisioning: Early Evidence," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 59(3), pages 757-804, June.
    4. Pérez Rodríguez, Pablo, 2021. "Accounting and auditing of credit loss estimates: The hard and the soft," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 2(2).
    5. Pfeifer, Lukáš & Hodula, Martin, 2018. "A profit-to-provisioning approach to setting the countercyclical capital buffer: the Czech example," ESRB Working Paper Series 82, European Systemic Risk Board.
    6. Degryse, Hans & Huylebroek, Cédric, 2023. "Fiscal support and banks’ loan loss provisions during the COVID-19 crisis," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    7. Fatouh, Mahmoud & Giansante, Simone, 2023. "The cyclicality of bank credit losses and capital ratios under expected loss model," Bank of England working papers 1013, Bank of England.
    8. Behn, Markus & Couaillier, Cyril, 2023. "Same same but different: credit risk provisioning under IFRS 9," Working Paper Series 2841, European Central Bank.
    9. Andries, Kathleen & Gallemore, John & Jacob, Martin, 2017. "The effect of corporate taxation on bank transparency: Evidence from loan loss provisions," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(2), pages 307-328.
    10. Ozili, Peterson K, 2017. "Paying Bank Risk Professionals to Lie About Bank Loan Loss Provisioning Process," MPRA Paper 75354, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Ormazabal, Gaizka & López-Espinosa, Germán & Sakasai, Yuki, 2020. "Switching From Incurred to Expected Loan Loss Provisioning: Early Evidence," CEPR Discussion Papers 14803, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    12. Suarez, Javier & Sánchez Serrano, Antonio, 2018. "Approaching non-performing loans from a macroprudential angle," Report of the Advisory Scientific Committee 7, European Systemic Risk Board.
    13. Harry Huizinga & Luc Laeven, 2019. "The Procyclicality of Banking: Evidence from the Euro Area," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 67(3), pages 496-527, September.
    14. Wahyoe Soedarmono & Amine Tarazi & Agusman Agusman & Gary S. Monroe & Dominic Gasbarro, 2016. "Loan Loss Provisions and Lending Behavior of Banks: Do Information Sharing and Borrower Legal Rights Matter?," Working Papers hal-01316717, HAL.
    15. Bholat, David & Lastra, Rosa & Markose, Sheri & Miglionico, Andrea & Sen, Kallol, 2016. "Non-performing loans: regulatory and accounting treatments of assets," Bank of England working papers 594, Bank of England.
    16. Pfeifer, Lukáš & Hodula, Martin, 2021. "A profit-to-provisioning approach to setting the countercyclical capital buffer," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 45(1).
    17. Hegde, Shantaram P. & Kozlowski, Steven E., 2021. "Discretionary loan loss provisioning and bank stock returns: The Role of economic booms and busts," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    18. Kund, Arndt-Gerrit & Rugilo, Daniel, 2023. "Does IFRS 9 increase banks’ resilience?," Working Paper Series 2792, European Central Bank.
    19. Mary L. Z. Ma & Victor Song, 2016. "Discretionary Loan Loss Provisions and Systemic Risk in the Banking Industry," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(2), pages 89-130, June.
    20. Cummings, James R. & Durrani, Kassim J., 2016. "Effect of the Basel Accord capital requirements on the loan-loss provisioning practices of Australian banks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 23-36.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    credit risk; cost of risk; IFRS 9; COVID-19;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • M41 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Accounting - - - Accounting

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nbp:nbpbik:v:53:y:2022:i:1:p:47-78. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wojciech Burjanek (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/nbpgvpl.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.