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Quantized current steps due to the a.c. coherent quantum phase-slip effect

Author

Listed:
  • Rais S. Shaikhaidarov

    (Royal Holloway, University of London
    National Physical Laboratory)

  • Kyung Ho Kim

    (Royal Holloway, University of London)

  • Jacob W. Dunstan

    (Royal Holloway, University of London)

  • Ilya V. Antonov

    (Royal Holloway, University of London
    National Physical Laboratory)

  • Sven Linzen

    (Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology)

  • Mario Ziegler

    (Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology)

  • Dmitry S. Golubev

    (Pico Group, QTF Centre of Excellence)

  • Vladimir N. Antonov

    (Royal Holloway, University of London
    Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology)

  • Evgeni V. Il’ichev

    (Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology)

  • Oleg V. Astafiev

    (Royal Holloway, University of London
    National Physical Laboratory
    Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology)

Abstract

The a.c. Josephson effect predicted in 19621 and observed experimentally in 19632 as quantized ‘voltage steps’ (the Shapiro steps) from photon-assisted tunnelling of Cooper pairs is among the most fundamental phenomena of quantum mechanics and is vital for metrological quantum voltage standards. The physically dual effect, the a.c. coherent quantum phase slip (CQPS), photon-assisted tunnelling of magnetic fluxes through a superconducting nanowire, is envisaged to reveal itself as quantized ‘current steps’3,4. The basic physical significance of the a.c. CQPS is also complemented by practical importance in future current standards, a missing element for closing the quantum metrology triangle5,6. In 2012, the CQPS was demonstrated as superposition of magnetic flux quanta in superconducting nanowires 7. However, the direct flat current steps in superconductors, the only unavailable basic effect of superconductivity to date, was unattainable due to lack of appropriate materials and challenges in circuit engineering. Here we report the direct observation of the dual Shapiro steps in a superconducting nanowire. The sharp steps are clear up to 26 GHz frequency with current values 8.3 nA and limited by the present set-up bandwidth. The current steps were theoretically predicted in small Josephson junctions 30 years ago5. However, unavoidable broadening in Josephson junctions prevents their direct experimental observation8,9. We solve this problem by placing a thin NbN nanowire in an inductive environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Rais S. Shaikhaidarov & Kyung Ho Kim & Jacob W. Dunstan & Ilya V. Antonov & Sven Linzen & Mario Ziegler & Dmitry S. Golubev & Vladimir N. Antonov & Evgeni V. Il’ichev & Oleg V. Astafiev, 2022. "Quantized current steps due to the a.c. coherent quantum phase-slip effect," Nature, Nature, vol. 608(7921), pages 45-49, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:608:y:2022:i:7921:d:10.1038_s41586-022-04947-z
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04947-z
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    Cited by:

    1. Fabian Kaap & Christoph Kissling & Victor Gaydamachenko & Lukas Grünhaupt & Sergey Lotkhov, 2024. "Demonstration of dual Shapiro steps in small Josephson junctions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-6, December.
    2. Rais S. Shaikhaidarov & Kyung Ho Kim & Jacob Dunstan & Ilya Antonov & Dmitry Golubev & Vladimir N. Antonov & Oleg V. Astafiev, 2024. "Quantized current steps due to the synchronization of microwaves with Bloch oscillations in small Josephson junctions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-6, December.

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