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Demonstration of dual Shapiro steps in small Josephson junctions

Author

Listed:
  • Fabian Kaap

    (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt)

  • Christoph Kissling

    (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt)

  • Victor Gaydamachenko

    (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt)

  • Lukas Grünhaupt

    (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt)

  • Sergey Lotkhov

    (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt)

Abstract

Bloch oscillations in small Josephson junctions were predicted theoretically as the quantum dual to Josephson oscillations. A significant consequence of this prediction is the emergence of quantized current steps, so-called dual Shapiro steps, when synchronizing Bloch oscillations to an external microwave signal. These steps potentially enable a fundamental standard of current I, defined via the frequency f of the external signal and the elementary charge e, I = ± n × 2ef, where n is a natural number. Here, we realize this fundamental relation by synchronizing the Bloch oscillations in small Al/AlOx/Al Josephson junctions to sinusoidal drives with frequencies from 1 to 6 GHz and observe dual Shapiro steps up to I ≈ 3 nA. Inspired by today’s voltage standards and to further confirm the duality relation, we investigate a pulsed drive regime and observe an asymmetric pattern of dual Shapiro steps. This work confirms quantum duality effects in Josephson junctions and paves the way towards a range of applications in quantum metrology based on well-established fabrication techniques and straightforward circuit design.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabian Kaap & Christoph Kissling & Victor Gaydamachenko & Lukas Grünhaupt & Sergey Lotkhov, 2024. "Demonstration of dual Shapiro steps in small Josephson junctions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-6, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-53011-z
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53011-z
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    1. Rais S. Shaikhaidarov & Kyung Ho Kim & Jacob Dunstan & Ilya Antonov & Dmitry Golubev & Vladimir N. Antonov & Oleg V. Astafiev, 2024. "Quantized current steps due to the synchronization of microwaves with Bloch oscillations in small Josephson junctions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-6, December.

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