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Fault-tolerant control of an error-corrected qubit

Author

Listed:
  • Laird Egan

    (University of Maryland
    University of Maryland
    IonQ, Inc)

  • Dripto M. Debroy

    (Duke University
    Google Research)

  • Crystal Noel

    (University of Maryland
    University of Maryland)

  • Andrew Risinger

    (University of Maryland
    University of Maryland
    University of Maryland)

  • Daiwei Zhu

    (University of Maryland
    University of Maryland
    University of Maryland)

  • Debopriyo Biswas

    (University of Maryland
    University of Maryland)

  • Michael Newman

    (Duke University
    Google Research)

  • Muyuan Li

    (Georgia Institute of Technology
    Georgia Institute of Technology)

  • Kenneth R. Brown

    (Duke University
    Duke University
    Georgia Institute of Technology
    Georgia Institute of Technology)

  • Marko Cetina

    (University of Maryland
    University of Maryland)

  • Christopher Monroe

    (University of Maryland
    University of Maryland
    University of Maryland
    Duke University)

Abstract

Quantum error correction protects fragile quantum information by encoding it into a larger quantum system1,2. These extra degrees of freedom enable the detection and correction of errors, but also increase the control complexity of the encoded logical qubit. Fault-tolerant circuits contain the spread of errors while controlling the logical qubit, and are essential for realizing error suppression in practice3–6. Although fault-tolerant design works in principle, it has not previously been demonstrated in an error-corrected physical system with native noise characteristics. Here we experimentally demonstrate fault-tolerant circuits for the preparation, measurement, rotation and stabilizer measurement of a Bacon–Shor logical qubit using 13 trapped ion qubits. When we compare these fault-tolerant protocols to non-fault-tolerant protocols, we see significant reductions in the error rates of the logical primitives in the presence of noise. The result of fault-tolerant design is an average state preparation and measurement error of 0.6 per cent and a Clifford gate error of 0.3 per cent after offline error correction. In addition, we prepare magic states with fidelities that exceed the distillation threshold7, demonstrating all of the key single-qubit ingredients required for universal fault-tolerant control. These results demonstrate that fault-tolerant circuits enable highly accurate logical primitives in current quantum systems. With improved two-qubit gates and the use of intermediate measurements, a stabilized logical qubit can be achieved.

Suggested Citation

  • Laird Egan & Dripto M. Debroy & Crystal Noel & Andrew Risinger & Daiwei Zhu & Debopriyo Biswas & Michael Newman & Muyuan Li & Kenneth R. Brown & Marko Cetina & Christopher Monroe, 2021. "Fault-tolerant control of an error-corrected qubit," Nature, Nature, vol. 598(7880), pages 281-286, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:598:y:2021:i:7880:d:10.1038_s41586-021-03928-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03928-y
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ziqian Li & Tanay Roy & David Rodríguez Pérez & Kan-Heng Lee & Eliot Kapit & David I. Schuster, 2024. "Autonomous error correction of a single logical qubit using two transmons," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-6, December.
    2. Neereja Sundaresan & Theodore J. Yoder & Youngseok Kim & Muyuan Li & Edward H. Chen & Grace Harper & Ted Thorbeck & Andrew W. Cross & Antonio D. Córcoles & Maika Takita, 2023. "Demonstrating multi-round subsystem quantum error correction using matching and maximum likelihood decoders," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.
    3. M. Akhtar & F. Bonus & F. R. Lebrun-Gallagher & N. I. Johnson & M. Siegele-Brown & S. Hong & S. J. Hile & S. A. Kulmiya & S. Weidt & W. K. Hensinger, 2023. "A high-fidelity quantum matter-link between ion-trap microchip modules," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    4. María José Viana Cleves & Gerardo Barbosa Castillo & Andrés Rolando Ciro Gómez & Édgar Solano González, 2022. "Líneas estructurales para la Fuerza Pública: medioambiente e inteligencia militar," Books, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Derecho, number 1330.
    5. L. Feng & Y.-Y. Huang & Y.-K. Wu & W.-X. Guo & J.-Y. Ma & H.-X. Yang & L. Zhang & Y. Wang & C.-X. Huang & C. Zhang & L. Yao & B.-X. Qi & Y.-F. Pu & Z.-C. Zhou & L.-M. Duan, 2024. "Realization of a crosstalk-avoided quantum network node using dual-type qubits of the same ion species," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
    6. Yue Wu & Shimon Kolkowitz & Shruti Puri & Jeff D. Thompson, 2022. "Erasure conversion for fault-tolerant quantum computing in alkaline earth Rydberg atom arrays," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.
    7. Grigory E. Astrakharchik & Luis A. Peña Ardila & Krzysztof Jachymski & Antonio Negretti, 2023. "Many-body bound states and induced interactions of charged impurities in a bosonic bath," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.

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