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COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b1 elicits human antibody and TH1 T cell responses

Author

Listed:
  • Ugur Sahin

    (BioNTech
    TRON gGmbH–Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg)

  • Alexander Muik

    (BioNTech)

  • Evelyna Derhovanessian

    (BioNTech)

  • Isabel Vogler

    (BioNTech)

  • Lena M. Kranz

    (BioNTech)

  • Mathias Vormehr

    (BioNTech)

  • Alina Baum

    (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals)

  • Kristen Pascal

    (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals)

  • Jasmin Quandt

    (BioNTech)

  • Daniel Maurus

    (BioNTech)

  • Sebastian Brachtendorf

    (BioNTech)

  • Verena Lörks

    (BioNTech)

  • Julian Sikorski

    (BioNTech)

  • Rolf Hilker

    (BioNTech)

  • Dirk Becker

    (BioNTech)

  • Ann-Kathrin Eller

    (BioNTech)

  • Jan Grützner

    (BioNTech)

  • Carsten Boesler

    (BioNTech)

  • Corinna Rosenbaum

    (BioNTech)

  • Marie-Cristine Kühnle

    (BioNTech)

  • Ulrich Luxemburger

    (BioNTech)

  • Alexandra Kemmer-Brück

    (BioNTech)

  • David Langer

    (BioNTech)

  • Martin Bexon

    (Bexon Clinical Consulting)

  • Stefanie Bolte

    (BioNTech)

  • Katalin Karikó

    (BioNTech)

  • Tania Palanche

    (BioNTech)

  • Boris Fischer

    (BioNTech)

  • Armin Schultz

    (CRS Clinical Research Services Mannheim GmbH)

  • Pei-Yong Shi

    (University of Texas Medical Branch)

  • Camila Fontes-Garfias

    (University of Texas Medical Branch)

  • John L. Perez

    (Pfizer)

  • Kena A. Swanson

    (Pfizer)

  • Jakob Loschko

    (Pfizer)

  • Ingrid L. Scully

    (Pfizer)

  • Mark Cutler

    (Pfizer)

  • Warren Kalina

    (Pfizer)

  • Christos A. Kyratsous

    (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals)

  • David Cooper

    (Pfizer)

  • Philip R. Dormitzer

    (Pfizer)

  • Kathrin U. Jansen

    (Pfizer)

  • Özlem Türeci

    (BioNTech)

Abstract

An effective vaccine is needed to halt the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Recently, we reported safety, tolerability and antibody response data from an ongoing placebo-controlled, observer-blinded phase I/II coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine trial with BNT162b1, a lipid nanoparticle-formulated nucleoside-modified mRNA that encodes the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein1. Here we present antibody and T cell responses after vaccination with BNT162b1 from a second, non-randomized open-label phase I/II trial in healthy adults, 18–55 years of age. Two doses of 1–50 μg of BNT162b1 elicited robust CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and strong antibody responses, with RBD-binding IgG concentrations clearly above those seen in serum from a cohort of individuals who had recovered from COVID-19. Geometric mean titres of SARS-CoV-2 serum-neutralizing antibodies on day 43 were 0.7-fold (1-μg dose) to 3.5-fold (50-μg dose) those of the recovered individuals. Immune sera broadly neutralized pseudoviruses with diverse SARS-CoV-2 spike variants. Most participants had T helper type 1 (TH1)-skewed T cell immune responses with RBD-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell expansion. Interferon-γ was produced by a large fraction of RBD-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. The robust RBD-specific antibody, T cell and favourable cytokine responses induced by the BNT162b1 mRNA vaccine suggest that it has the potential to protect against COVID-19 through multiple beneficial mechanisms.

Suggested Citation

  • Ugur Sahin & Alexander Muik & Evelyna Derhovanessian & Isabel Vogler & Lena M. Kranz & Mathias Vormehr & Alina Baum & Kristen Pascal & Jasmin Quandt & Daniel Maurus & Sebastian Brachtendorf & Verena L, 2020. "COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b1 elicits human antibody and TH1 T cell responses," Nature, Nature, vol. 586(7830), pages 594-599, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:586:y:2020:i:7830:d:10.1038_s41586-020-2814-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2814-7
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    Cited by:

    1. Robert J. Fischer & Neeltje van Doremalen & Danielle R. Adney & Claude Kwe Yinda & Julia R. Port & Myndi G. Holbrook & Jonathan E. Schulz & Brandi N. Williamson & Tina Thomas & Kent Barbian & Sarah L., 2021. "ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) protects Syrian hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 and B.1.1.7," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Xiaoqi Yu & Dong Wei & Wenxin Xu & Chuanmiao Liu & Wentian Guo & Xinxin Li & Wei Tan & Leshan Liu & Xinxin Zhang & Jieming Qu & Zhitao Yang & Erzhen Chen, 2022. "Neutralizing activity of BBIBP-CorV vaccine-elicited sera against Beta, Delta and other SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Laurent Renia & Yun Shan Goh & Angeline Rouers & Nina Bert & Wan Ni Chia & Jean-Marc Chavatte & Siew‐Wai Fong & Zi Wei Chang & Nicole Ziyi Zhuo & Matthew Zirui Tay & Yi-Hao Chan & Chee Wah Tan & Nicho, 2022. "Lower vaccine-acquired immunity in the elderly population following two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination is alleviated by a third vaccine dose," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, December.
    4. Sun Jin Kim & Zhong Yao & Morgan C. Marsh & Debra M. Eckert & Michael S. Kay & Anna Lyakisheva & Maria Pasic & Aiyush Bansal & Chaim Birnboim & Prabhat Jha & Yannick Galipeau & Marc-André Langlois & J, 2022. "Homogeneous surrogate virus neutralization assay to rapidly assess neutralization activity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    5. Miwa Haranaka & James Baber & Yoichiro Ogama & Masako Yamaji & Masakazu Aizawa & Osamu Kogawara & Ingrid Scully & Eleni Lagkadinou & Ӧzlem Türeci & Uğur Şahin & Philip R. Dormitzer & William C. Gruber, 2021. "A randomized study to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in healthy Japanese adults," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-7, December.
    6. Kevin J. Kramer & Erin M. Wilfong & Kelsey Voss & Sierra M. Barone & Andrea R. Shiakolas & Nagarajan Raju & Caroline E. Roe & Naveenchandra Suryadevara & Lauren M. Walker & Steven C. Wall & Ariana Pau, 2022. "Single-cell profiling of the antigen-specific response to BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccine," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, December.
    7. Nozomi Kuse & Yu Zhang & Takayuki Chikata & Hung The Nguyen & Shinichi Oka & Hiroyuki Gatanaga & Masafumi Takiguchi, 2022. "Long-term memory CD8+ T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 in individuals who received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    8. Lena Jaki & Sebastian Weigang & Lisa Kern & Stefanie Kramme & Antoni G. Wrobel & Andrea B. Grawitz & Philipp Nawrath & Stephen R. Martin & Theo Dähne & Julius Beer & Miriam Disch & Philipp Kolb & Lisa, 2023. "Total escape of SARS-CoV-2 from dual monoclonal antibody therapy in an immunocompromised patient," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    9. David G. Priest & Takeshi Ebihara & Janyerkye Tulyeu & Jonas N. Søndergaard & Shuhei Sakakibara & Fuminori Sugihara & Shunichiro Nakao & Yuki Togami & Jumpei Yoshimura & Hiroshi Ito & Shinya Onishi & , 2024. "Atypical and non-classical CD45RBlo memory B cells are the majority of circulating SARS-CoV-2 specific B cells following mRNA vaccination or COVID-19," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-21, December.
    10. Seongryong Kim & Ji Hyang Jeon & Myeonghwan Kim & Yeji Lee & Yun-Ho Hwang & Myungsun Park & C. Han Li & Taeyoung Lee & Jung-Ah Lee & You-Me Kim & Dokeun Kim & Hyukjin Lee & You-Jin Kim & V. Narry Kim , 2024. "Innate immune responses against mRNA vaccine promote cellular immunity through IFN-β at the injection site," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.

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