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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Room-temperature superconductivity in a carbonaceous sulfur hydride

Author

Listed:
  • Elliot Snider

    (University of Rochester)

  • Nathan Dasenbrock-Gammon

    (University of Rochester)

  • Raymond McBride

    (University of Rochester)

  • Mathew Debessai

    (Intel Corporation)

  • Hiranya Vindana

    (University of Rochester)

  • Kevin Vencatasamy

    (University of Rochester)

  • Keith V. Lawler

    (University of Nevada Las Vegas)

  • Ashkan Salamat

    (University of Nevada Las Vegas)

  • Ranga P. Dias

    (University of Rochester
    University of Rochester)

Abstract

One of the long-standing challenges in experimental physics is the observation of room-temperature superconductivity1,2. Recently, high-temperature conventional superconductivity in hydrogen-rich materials has been reported in several systems under high pressure3–5. An important discovery leading to room-temperature superconductivity is the pressure-driven disproportionation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to H3S, with a confirmed transition temperature of 203 kelvin at 155 gigapascals3,6. Both H2S and CH4 readily mix with hydrogen to form guest–host structures at lower pressures7, and are of comparable size at 4 gigapascals. By introducing methane at low pressures into the H2S + H2 precursor mixture for H3S, molecular exchange is allowed within a large assemblage of van der Waals solids that are hydrogen-rich with H2 inclusions; these guest–host structures become the building blocks of superconducting compounds at extreme conditions. Here we report superconductivity in a photochemically transformed carbonaceous sulfur hydride system, starting from elemental precursors, with a maximum superconducting transition temperature of 287.7 ± 1.2 kelvin (about 15 degrees Celsius) achieved at 267 ± 10 gigapascals. The superconducting state is observed over a broad pressure range in the diamond anvil cell, from 140 to 275 gigapascals, with a sharp upturn in transition temperature above 220 gigapascals. Superconductivity is established by the observation of zero resistance, a magnetic susceptibility of up to 190 gigapascals, and reduction of the transition temperature under an external magnetic field of up to 9 tesla, with an upper critical magnetic field of about 62 tesla according to the Ginzburg–Landau model at zero temperature. The light, quantum nature of hydrogen limits the structural and stoichiometric determination of the system by X-ray scattering techniques, but Raman spectroscopy is used to probe the chemical and structural transformations before metallization. The introduction of chemical tuning within our ternary system could enable the preservation of the properties of room-temperature superconductivity at lower pressures.

Suggested Citation

  • Elliot Snider & Nathan Dasenbrock-Gammon & Raymond McBride & Mathew Debessai & Hiranya Vindana & Kevin Vencatasamy & Keith V. Lawler & Ashkan Salamat & Ranga P. Dias, 2020. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: Room-temperature superconductivity in a carbonaceous sulfur hydride," Nature, Nature, vol. 586(7829), pages 373-377, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:586:y:2020:i:7829:d:10.1038_s41586-020-2801-z
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2801-z
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Daisuke Yamamoto & Takahiro Sakurai & Ryosuke Okuto & Susumu Okubo & Hitoshi Ohta & Hidekazu Tanaka & Yoshiya Uwatoko, 2021. "Continuous control of classical-quantum crossover by external high pressure in the coupled chain compound CsCuCl3," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Šetrajčić, Jovan P. & Ilić, Dušan I. & Jaćimovski, Stevo K. & Vučenović, Siniša M., 2021. "Impact of surface conditions changes on changes in thermodynamic properties of quasi 2D crystals," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 566(C).
    3. Mohamed I. Mosaad & Ahmed Abu-Siada & Mohamed M. Ismaiel & Hani Albalawi & Ahmed Fahmy, 2021. "Enhancing the Fault Ride-through Capability of a DFIG-WECS Using a High-Temperature Superconducting Coil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-18, October.
    4. Cesare Tresca & Pietro Maria Forcella & Andrea Angeletti & Luigi Ranalli & Cesare Franchini & Michele Reticcioli & Gianni Profeta, 2024. "Molecular hydrogen in the N-doped LuH3 system as a possible path to superconductivity," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
    5. Marta Sośnicka & Volker Lüders, 2021. "Phase transitions in natural C-O-H-N-S fluid inclusions - implications for gas mixtures and the behavior of solid H2S at low temperatures," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-15, December.
    6. Dan Sun & Vasily S. Minkov & Shirin Mozaffari & Ying Sun & Yanming Ma & Stella Chariton & Vitali B. Prakapenka & Mikhail I. Eremets & Luis Balicas & Fedor F. Balakirev, 2021. "High-temperature superconductivity on the verge of a structural instability in lanthanum superhydride," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-7, December.
    7. Anghel, Dragoş-Victor, 2021. "Multiple solutions for the equilibrium populations in BCS superconductors," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 572(C).
    8. Efstathios E. Michaelides, 2021. "Thermodynamics, Energy Dissipation, and Figures of Merit of Energy Storage Systems—A Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-41, September.

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