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Self versus non-self discrimination during CRISPR RNA-directed immunity

Author

Listed:
  • Luciano A. Marraffini

    (Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA)

  • Erik J. Sontheimer

    (Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA)

Abstract

Self/non-self recognition Bacteria and archaea that take up exogenous DNA are equipped with host immunity systems that can recognize and eliminate the foreign DNA. One such system is mediated by the CRISPR genes, which encode small RNAs (crRNAs). CRISPR loci consist of repeats and spacer sequences. When the crRNA spacer sequence pairs with complementary invading DNA, it is marked for elimination. Luciano Marraffini and Erik Sontheimer resolve how the spacer DNA within the CRISPR loci themselves is not recognized as foreign; sequences outside the spacer show perfect pairing to the crRNAs while invading DNA will have mismatches. Differential complementarity of this type may underlie many types of self/non-self recognition — a key function in all immune systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Luciano A. Marraffini & Erik J. Sontheimer, 2010. "Self versus non-self discrimination during CRISPR RNA-directed immunity," Nature, Nature, vol. 463(7280), pages 568-571, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:463:y:2010:i:7280:d:10.1038_nature08703
    DOI: 10.1038/nature08703
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    Cited by:

    1. Grace N. Hibshman & Jack P. K. Bravo & Matthew M. Hooper & Tyler L. Dangerfield & Hongshan Zhang & Ilya J. Finkelstein & Kenneth A. Johnson & David W. Taylor, 2024. "Unraveling the mechanisms of PAMless DNA interrogation by SpRY-Cas9," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Serena Bradde & Marija Vucelja & Tiberiu Teşileanu & Vijay Balasubramanian, 2017. "Dynamics of adaptive immunity against phage in bacterial populations," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(4), pages 1-16, April.
    3. Ning Cui & Jun-Tao Zhang & Zhuolin Li & Xiao-Yu Liu & Chongyuan Wang & Hongda Huang & Ning Jia, 2022. "Structural basis for the non-self RNA-activated protease activity of the type III-E CRISPR nuclease-protease Craspase," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
    4. Pierre Aldag & Marius Rutkauskas & Julene Madariaga-Marcos & Inga Songailiene & Tomas Sinkunas & Felix Kemmerich & Dominik Kauert & Virginijus Siksnys & Ralf Seidel, 2023. "Dynamic interplay between target search and recognition for a Type I CRISPR-Cas system," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.

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