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X-inactivation profile reveals extensive variability in X-linked gene expression in females

Author

Listed:
  • Laura Carrel

    (Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine)

  • Huntington F. Willard

    (Duke University)

Abstract

The human X chromosome The detailed sequence of the human X chromosome is published this week, together with a survey of inactivated X genes in females. Females have two Xs and males have one X and a Y; to make the gene dosage equivalent, females inactivate almost an entire chromosome. The X inactivation profile has important clinical implications, as the unique nature of sex chromosomes means that it contains a disproportionate number of disease-causing genes. With both the X and Y chromosomes sequenced, their evolution from a pair of ‘normal’ chromosomes can be studied in detail. The cover, by Alfred Pasieka (Science Photo Library), depicts the inactivation signal starting at the middle of the chromosome (where it is reddest) and moving out through the arms.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura Carrel & Huntington F. Willard, 2005. "X-inactivation profile reveals extensive variability in X-linked gene expression in females," Nature, Nature, vol. 434(7031), pages 400-404, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:434:y:2005:i:7031:d:10.1038_nature03479
    DOI: 10.1038/nature03479
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    Cited by:

    1. Asta Laiho & Laura L Elo, 2014. "A Note on an Exon-Based Strategy to Identify Differentially Expressed Genes in RNA-Seq Experiments," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(12), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Masato Tsuji & Takanori Kawasaki & Takeru Matsuda & Tomio Arai & Satoshi Gojo & Jun K Takeuchi, 2017. "Sexual dimorphisms of mRNA and miRNA in human/murine heart disease," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(7), pages 1-21, July.
    3. Mitsuko Nakayama & Osamu Kondo & Paula Pesonen & Lassi Alvesalo & Raija Lähdesmäki, 2018. "Influence of long and short arms of X chromosome on maxillary molar crown morphology," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(11), pages 1-17, November.
    4. Stogner, John M. & Gibson, Chris L., 2013. "Stressful life events and adolescent drug use: Moderating influences of the MAOA gene," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 41(5), pages 357-363.
    5. Taru Tukiainen & Matti Pirinen & Antti-Pekka Sarin & Claes Ladenvall & Johannes Kettunen & Terho Lehtimäki & Marja-Liisa Lokki & Markus Perola & Juha Sinisalo & Efthymia Vlachopoulou & Johan G Eriksso, 2014. "Chromosome X-Wide Association Study Identifies Loci for Fasting Insulin and Height and Evidence for Incomplete Dosage Compensation," PLOS Genetics, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(2), pages 1-12, February.
    6. James R Wagner & Bing Ge & Dmitry Pokholok & Kevin L Gunderson & Tomi Pastinen & Mathieu Blanchette, 2010. "Computational Analysis of Whole-Genome Differential Allelic Expression Data in Human," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-12, July.
    7. Yemiao Gao & Yuke Xiong & Xia Liu & Hui Wang, 2021. "The Effects of Childhood Maltreatment on Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Male Adolescents: The Moderating Roles of the Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) Gene and the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Gene," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-13, March.
    8. Antonio Lentini & Huaitao Cheng & J. C. Noble & Natali Papanicolaou & Christos Coucoravas & Nathanael Andrews & Qiaolin Deng & Martin Enge & Björn Reinius, 2022. "Elastic dosage compensation by X-chromosome upregulation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    9. Boisvert, Danielle & Wells, Jessica & Armstrong, Todd A. & Lewis, Richard H., 2018. "Serotonin and self-control: A genetically moderated stress sensitization effect," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 98-106.
    10. Diana Chang & Feng Gao & Andrea Slavney & Li Ma & Yedael Y Waldman & Aaron J Sams & Paul Billing-Ross & Aviv Madar & Richard Spritz & Alon Keinan, 2014. "Accounting for eXentricities: Analysis of the X Chromosome in GWAS Reveals X-Linked Genes Implicated in Autoimmune Diseases," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(12), pages 1-31, December.
    11. Norman L. Lehman & Nathalie Spassky & Müge Sak & Amy Webb & Cory T. Zumbar & Aisulu Usubalieva & Khaled J. Alkhateeb & Joseph P. McElroy & Kirsteen H. Maclean & Paolo Fadda & Tom Liu & Vineela Gangala, 2022. "Astroblastomas exhibit radial glia stem cell lineages and differential expression of imprinted and X-inactivation escape genes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, December.
    12. Frances M. Nilsen & Jessica Frank & Nicolle S. Tulve, 2020. "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Investigating the Relationship between Exposures to Chemical and Non-Chemical Stressors during Prenatal Development and Childhood Externalizing Behaviors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-32, March.
    13. Hao, Meiling & Zhao, Xingqiu & Xu, Wei, 2020. "Competing risk modeling and testing for X-chromosome genetic association," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    14. Svitlana Tyekucheva & Francesca Chiaromonte, 2008. "Augmenting the bootstrap to analyze high dimensional genomic data," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 17(1), pages 1-18, May.

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